Biocaster : Jurnal Kajian Biologi

Studi Ekologi Komunitas Biotik Menggunakan Metode Relevé pada Berbagai Tipe Habitat di Kabupaten Polewali Mandar

Ratna Sari — 2026-04-01

This study aims to analyze the structure and composition of biotic communities in various habitat types in Polewali Mandar Regency, West Sulawesi, using the relevé method. Observations were carried out in five sub-districts, namely Campalagian, Binuang, Tutar, Tapango, and Limboro. At each location, three plot sizes (1×1 m, 3×3 m, and 5×5 m) were set to compare species diversity based on the size of the sampling area. Data is collected by recording the presence of all organisms (plants and animals) present in the plot without counting the number of individuals in detail. The results showed that the number of species increased as the area of the plot increased, with a range of 3-7 species on a 1×1 m plot, 5-15 species on a 3×3 m plot, and 9-26 species on a 5×5 m plot. Several groups of organisms, such as pioneer herbaceous plants, shrubs, and generalist insects (e.g., Formicidae and Lepidoptera) were detected consistently across a wide range of plot sizes and habitats, indicating adaptability and wide distribution. Increased species richness on larger plots reflects the heterogeneity of microhabitats and the greater complexity of trophic interactions, thus supporting the principle of species-area relations in community ecology. This study provides basic data on biodiversity and biotic community structure in Polewali Mandar that can be used as a reference in conservation planning, sustainable natural resource management, and ecological policy development at the regional level.

Autofagi : Mekanisme Pemeliharaan Diri Sel dalam Kondisi Stres

Kanisia Petra Seto Lejo — 2026-04-01

Autophagy is a cellular mechanism in the form of degradation and recycling of intracellular components that plays an important role in maintaining cell homeostasis, especially when cells are under stress conditions such as nutritional limitations, oxidative stress, organelle damage, or pathogen attacks. Through this process, cells are able to survive by eliminating damaged or dysfunctional structures, while simultaneously reusing the degradation products as a source of energy and building blocks for new molecules. This study aims to examine the mechanism of autophagy, the molecular regulations involved, and its role in the response to various forms of cellular stress using a literature review method. Reference sources in this study come from relevant scientific articles and are accessed through PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases with a publication year range of 2015-2024. Articles are selected based on the main inclusion criteria, namely discussions on the molecular pathway of autophagy, the process of autophagosome formation, and the role of lysosomes in cellular degradation mechanisms. The study results indicate that autophagy is an essential adaptive mechanism primarily controlled by the mTOR and AMPK pathways in response to cellular stress. Adaptive autophagy plays a crucial role in maintaining cell stability and survival, while autophagy dysfunction or uncontrolled activation is pathological and contributes to the development of various diseases, making autophagy a strategic therapeutic target. Furthermore, disruption of the autophagy process is known to be closely associated with the development of various degenerative and metabolic diseases, making autophagy a potential target in the development of biomedical therapeutic strategies.

Penerapan LKPD IPA Berbasis Peta Konsep untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik SMPN 1 Ende

Maria Rosamistika Ema Roma — 2026-04-01

This research is motivated by the low learning outcomes of students due to learning strategies that tend to be one-way and less actively involve students. This study aims to determine the application of Student Worksheets (LKPD) based on concept maps on student learning outcomes on environmental pollution material in class VII of SMPN 1 Ende. This study uses a quantitative method with a true experimental design in the form of a randomized control group pretest-posttest design. The research subjects were 70 students consisting of 35 students in the experimental class and 35 students in the control class. The results showed that the average value of student learning outcomes in the experimental class increased significantly from 49.28 in the pre-test to 97 in the post-test, with an increase of 96.85%. While in the control class, the average value of learning outcomes increased from 50.6 in the pre-test to 64.11 in the post-test, with an increase of 26.71%. The t-test results showed a significance value of 0.000 ≤ 0.05, indicating a significant difference in learning outcomes between the experimental and control classes. Thus, the implementation of concept map-based student worksheets (LKPD) has been proven effective in increasing student activity, engagement, and learning outcomes.

Pengaruh Radiasi terhadap Struktur dan Fungsi Sel

Tiara Novianti Dadi Lado — 2026-04-01

Ionizing and non-ionizing radiation are widely used in health, industry, scientific research, and communication technology, but their use also has the potential to pose biological risks to humans. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of radiation interaction with biological tissues and their health implications is crucial. This study aims to systematically examine the biological effects of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation on human health, as well as the safety principles applied in their use. The research method used is a literature review by examining scientific articles, reports from international institutions, and relevant publications that discuss radiation exposure, biological impacts, and aspects of radiation protection. The results of the study indicate that ionizing radiation, such as X-rays and gamma rays, has the ability to ionize atoms and molecules, thus potentially causing DNA damage that can trigger deterministic and stochastic effects, including an increased risk of cancer. Although radiation doses in medical diagnostic procedures are generally below the hazardous threshold, the application of radiation protection principles in the form of justification, optimization, and dose limitation remains a key factor in ensuring the safety of patients and healthcare workers. While non-ionizing radiation from telecommunications devices does not cause ionization, at high exposure levels it can cause thermal effects on biological tissue, although most epidemiological studies have not shown a consistent link with an increased risk of cancer. Exposure to cosmic radiation during commercial flights and at high altitudes has the potential to cause dose accumulation, which requires special attention. The conclusion of this study emphasizes that radiation use must be accompanied by adequate scientific understanding, long-term risk evaluation, and the implementation of strict safety policies to ensure that the benefits of radiation use outweigh the risks.

Persepsi Mahasiswa terhadap Model Pembelajaran Project Based Learning Berbasis Eksperimen dengan Produk Artikel Ilmiah pada Mata Kuliah Botani Tingkat Rendah

Fatur Rahman Subianto — 2026-04-01

Student perception is their view and assessment of the experience and learning process in the classroom. This is important to study because the success of a learning model is also determined by how students interpret and respond to its implementation. This study aims to determine student perceptions of the implementation of the Project Based Learning (PjBL) learning model based on experiments with scientific articles as products in lower-level botany courses. This study is a quantitative descriptive study with an ex post facto approach using a survey method. Sampling was carried out using a purposive sampling technique on students of the Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Mulawarman University. The data analysis technique used descriptive statistical analysis. The results of the data analysis show that the average result of all observed aspects obtained a percentage value of 84.99% which is included in the "very good" category, so it can be concluded that students of the Biology Education Study Program have a positive perception of the implementation of the Project Based Learning (PjBL) learning model based on experiments with scientific articles as products in lower-level botany courses. Therefore, these findings emphasize that the implementation of this learning model is worthy of being maintained and further developed with improvements, particularly in technical aspects and structured academic mentoring to optimize the quality of the learning process and outcomes.

Resistensi Antibiotik Bakteri Escherichia coli dari Air Sumur di Peternakan Ayam Desa Suranadi, Lombok Barat

Sopiandi Sopiandi — 2026-04-03

Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) has become a global health problem. Escherichia coli bacteria in water can act as a reservoir for the spread of antibiotic resistance. The study aimed to determine the resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from well water in chicken farms to antibiotics. The study design was an observational survey conducted from November to December 2022 at five chicken farms in Suranadi Village, Narmada District, West Lombok Regency. Five well water samples used in the study came from five wells in chicken farms located 10 meters from the chicken coop. 250 ml of well water samples were taken, put into sterile bottles, and then taken to the Health Laboratory Testing and Calibration Center of West Nusa Tenggara Province for isolation of Escherichia coli. Escherichia coli was isolated by planting on Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMBA) and identified using gram staining and biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of Escherichia coli was conducted using the disc diffusion method using five antibiotics: Gentamicin, Tetracycline, Amoxycillin, Chloramphenicol, and Ciprofloxacin. This study successfully isolated four Escherichia coli from five well water samples. The susceptibility test results showed that 75% of the Escherichia coli isolates were resistant to Amoxycillin, 50% to Ciprofloxacin, and 25% to Chloramphenicol. The Escherichia coli isolates were still sensitive to Gentamicin and Tetracycline.

Pengaruh Variasi Intensitas Cahaya terhadap Laju Fotosintesis pada Tanaman Caladium melalui Metode Floating Leaf Disk Assay

Gismanda Rosandy — 2026-04-03

Photosynthesis is the process of converting light energy into chemical energy which is greatly influenced by light intensity and leaf pigment content. This study analyzed the effect of three light intensities (dark, shade, and bright) on the photosynthesis rate of Caladium plants using the Floating Leaf Disk Assay (FLDA) method. This method measures the photosynthesis rate based on the leaf disk floatation time as an indicator of oxygen formation from the water photolysis process. The study was conducted at the Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Lambung Mangkurat University, using a quasi-experimental design with 3 repetitions. The results showed that bright conditions provided the fastest floatation time, which was an average of 3.8 minutes with bubble production of 18-22 bubbles/minute. Shade conditions showed a moderate response with a floatation time of 8.6 minutes and 7-10 bubbles/minute. In dark conditions, neither floatation nor oxygen production occurred. Caladiums with full green leaves exhibited higher photosynthetic rates (3.5-4.0 minutes) than variegated ones (5.2-6.1 minutes), reflecting differences in chlorophyll content. These findings confirm that the combination of light intensity and leaf pigment content is a major factor in determining photosynthetic efficiency. The research findings are expected to provide a basis for optimal lighting management in ornamental plant cultivation and serve as contextual teaching materials in biology learning.

Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Guided Inquiry Berbantuan E-LKPD terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis dan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik pada Materi Sistem Pernapasan di Kelas XI SMA Negeri 17 Samarinda

Margaretha Dhea Kristiani — 2026-04-03

This research is motivated by the lack of variety of learning models that cause students' critical thinking skills and learning outcomes to be still low. Therefore, the guided inquiry model assisted by E-LKPD is used as an alternative to facilitate the investigation process in a directed manner. This study aims to determine the effect of the guided inquiry learning model assisted by E-LKPD on students' critical thinking skills and learning outcomes in the respiratory system material of grade XI at SMA Negeri 17 Samarinda. This research is a quantitative study with a quasi-experimental type, using a non-equivalent control group design. Data collection techniques used pretest and posttest. The research sample consisted of 25 students per class. The experimental class used the guided inquiry model assisted by E-LKPD, while the control class used the Student Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD) model. The results of the t-test (independent sample t-test) showed sig. (2-tailed) of 0.000 < 0.05 and tcount > ttable, namely 4.448 ˃ 2.010 for critical thinking skills, and 4.903 ˃ 2.010 for student learning outcomes. The results of the study indicate that the guided inquiry learning model assisted by E-LKPD has a significant effect on improving critical thinking skills and student learning outcomes in the respiratory system material.

Kajian Etnobiologi pada Makanan Khas Suku Karo di Kecamatan Sibiru-biru Kabupaten Deli Serdang

Maria Goreti Perawati Br. Manik — 2026-04-03

This study aims to document and analyze the traditional food of the Karo Tribe in the seven-monthly ceremony (Mbesur-mbesuri) in the Karo Tribe community in Sibiru-biru District, Deli Serdang Regency. This study was conducted in two villages, namely Biru-biru Village and Rumah Gerat Village, Sibiru-biru District, Deli Serdang Regency. This type of research is descriptive qualitative and quantitative using emic and etic research approaches. Data collection techniques were carried out by participatory observation, interview techniques, documentation techniques, Focus Group Discussions (FGD), plant identification, and animal identification. The results of the study show that the traditional food of the Karo Tribe contained in the seven-monthly ceremony (Mbesur-mbesuri) consists of seven types of mandatory foods that utilize 19 types of plants belonging to 12 families, and 1 type of animal from the Phasianida family. The dominant plant family used in the traditional food of the seven-monthly ceremony (Mbesur-mbesuri) is Zingiberaceae. The most frequently used part of the plant is the fruit, namely 6 types. In terms of plant habitus, herbs are the most dominant species used in the seven-monthly ceremony (Mbesur-mbesuri), with 13 species.

Gambaran Hasil Pemeriksaan Pewarnaan Diff-Quik pada Swab Mukosa PSK

Rizal Aditya Hermawan — 2026-04-03

High-risk commercial sex workers (CSWs) are highly susceptible to sexually transmitted infections (STIs), which often manifest in the oral mucosa. Therefore, a rapid, accurate, and affordable oral health screening method at the primary healthcare level is needed to detect cellular changes early. The purpose of this study was to describe the morphology of epithelial cells and the quality of oral mucosal swabs obtained using Diff-Quik staining in CSWs. This study used a descriptive observational study of 20 CSW respondents, with a total of 80 samples taken using the buccal mucosal swab technique and stained using the Diff-Quik method. The results showed that 81.25% of the samples had good staining quality, with clear nuclear and cytoplasmic details. Although the cell morphology was generally normal, pathological findings in the form of cellular damage (vacuolization and pyknosis) and inflammatory cell infiltration (PMN leukocytes) were found in 27.5% of the samples. The conclusion of this study is that Diff-Quick staining is very effective for rapidly assessing oral cytology, which indicates inflammation and cell damage in CSWs in the region.

Pengaruh Konsentrasi Ekstrak Bawang Merah (Allium cepa L.) sebagai Zat Pengatur Tumbuh terhadap Pertumbuhan Krisan (Chrysanthemum morifolium) Secara In Vitro

Radhika Nabila Ma’rufi Ridwan — 2026-04-03

Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) is a major ornamental plant commodity in Indonesia with a production level of up to 459 million stems. The success of in vitro propagation is largely determined by the use of appropriate Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs). This study aimed to evaluate the performance of shallot (Allium cepa L.) extract as a natural PGR, while determining the optimal dose to support chrysanthemum growth in vitro. The study was conducted at the Laboratory of the Horticulture Main Center (BIH) Gedung Johor, Medan, from October 2025 to January 2026, using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) that included six concentration levels (K0=0; K1=5; K2=10; K3=15; K4=20; and K5=25 mL L⁻¹), with 10 replications. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA-DMRT for parametric data and Kruskal-Wallis–Dunn for non-parametric data. The study results indicated a significant effect (p < 0.01) on all growth parameters. A concentration of 20 mL L⁻¹ was most effective for organogenesis, producing 15.60 leaves, 7.85 roots, and 3.15 shoots; while 5 mL L⁻¹ was superior for elongation, with plantlets reaching 8.99 cm in height. Concentrations above the optimal dose actually inhibited growth due to the accumulation of phytotoxic compounds. These findings provide a more cost-effective and sustainable chrysanthemum propagation protocol as a substitute for synthetic plant growth regulators.

Analisis Tingkat Pemahaman Siswa pada Materi Perubahan dan Pelestarian Lingkungan di Kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Tilango

Fadila Bau — 2026-04-13

This study aims to analyze the level of student understanding of environmental change and conservation in grade X of SMA Negeri 1 Tilango. The study used a descriptive quantitative approach, involving 25 grade X3 students. The method used was a multiple-choice test based on seven indicators of understanding: identifying, explaining, interpreting, classifying, comparing, summarizing, and understanding. The results showed that all indicators improved from the pretest, which was generally in the low category, to the posttest, which reached an average of 77.81%, categorized as high. This improvement reflects that the applied learning process was able to improve students' conceptual mastery of environmental change and conservation, while simultaneously strengthening their analytical thinking skills. A comparison of pretest and posttest scores indicates that the instrument used was effective in measuring students' conceptual understanding and that the applied learning positively influenced learning outcomes.

The Effect of Project-Based Learning on Students Collaborative Skills and Learning Outcomes on Virus Material

Azira Azira — 2026-04-20

This study aims to determine the effect of Project-Based Learning (PjBL) on students' collaboration skills and cognitive learning outcomes in biology, specifically on virus topics, among 10th grade students at SMA Negeri 1 Tanjungtiram. A quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group was employed, involving 72 students from two classes selected through random sampling. The experimental class implemented PjBL, while the control class used conventional learning. Collaboration skills were measured using observation sheets, and cognitive learning outcomes were assessed using multiple-choice tests. The results showed that the experimental class achieved a mean collaboration skill score of 84.66% (very skilled category), significantly higher than the control class at 64.05% (skilled category). Cognitive learning outcomes also improved substantially, with the experimental class reaching an N-gain of 0.72 (high category) compared to 0.46 (medium category) in the control class. Mann-Whitney U test results confirmed a significant effect of PjBL on both variables (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that PjBL is an effective instructional model for developing students' collaboration skills and improving their learning outcomes in biology, particularly on virus topics.

Pengembangan Modul Berbasis STEM pada Materi Inovasi Bioteknologi untuk Siswa Fase F (SMA/MA)

Wina Oddessi Putri — 2026-04-20

This study aims to develop a STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics)-based module on biotechnology innovation material for Phase F SMA/MA students, and to test its validity and practicality. This study is a developmental research that refers to the 4D model proposed by Sivasailam Thiagarajan, including the define, design, and develop stages. The research subjects consisted of four validators (three lecturers and one teacher), one biology teacher, and 26 students of grade XII Phase F at SMA Negeri 2 Padang. The instruments used were a validity questionnaire and a practicality questionnaire with a modified Likert scale. The results of the validity test showed that the developed STEM-based module obtained an average score of 95.42% with very valid criteria. Details of each aspect include content feasibility (98%), language (100%), presentation (97.1%), graphics (92%), and STEM components (90%). After revisions according to the validator's suggestions, the module was declared suitable for use. The practicality test results obtained an average score of 86%, categorized as very practical, by teachers, and 89.50%, categorized as very practical. Aspects assessed included ease of use, efficiency of learning time, and the module's usefulness in the learning process. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the STEM-based module on biotechnology innovation for Phase F high school/Islamic high school students is highly valid and practical, making it suitable for use as a teaching material in biology lessons to support critical thinking, problem-solving, and independent learning skills.

Pengaruh Media Interaktif Genially Berbantuan Model Discovery Learning terhadap Hasil Belajar Kognitif pada Materi Sistem Saraf Siswa Kelas XI SMA Negeri 5 Samarinda

Dinda Davanya — 2026-04-20

This study aims to determine the effect of Genially interactive media supported by the discovery learning model on students' cognitive learning outcomes in the nervous system. This research is motivated by the low level of student active engagement in learning, necessitating innovative media and learning models that support meaningful conceptual understanding. This study used a quasi-experimental method. The subjects consisted of an experimental class using Genially media supported by the discovery learning model and a control class using the expository model. The study was conducted on eleventh-grade students of SMA Negeri 5 Samarinda on the nervous system. The research instrument was an essay test administered before and after the lesson. Data analysis included normality tests, homogeneity tests, hypothesis testing using the independent sample t-test, and N-gain calculations. The analysis results showed that the data were normally distributed and homogeneous. The hypothesis test revealed a significant difference between cognitive learning outcomes in the experimental and control classes. The improvement in cognitive learning outcomes in the experimental class was in the moderate category and higher than in the control class. Thus, Genially interactive media supported by the discovery learning model is effective in improving students' cognitive learning outcomes in the nervous system.

Analisis Total Bakteri Coliform di Perairan Pantai Liang Kabupaten Maluku Tengah

Nur Tasmiah Sirajuddin — 2026-04-24

Coastal waters are widely used for various human activities, including tourism. Liang Beach in Central Maluku Regency is one of the coastal tourist destinations experiencing environmental pressure due to increased population activity that has the potential to cause nutrient enrichment that can increase the number of coliform bacteria as an indicator of microbiological pollution. This study aims to analyze the number of coliform bacteria in the waters of Liang Beach and compare it with the applicable water quality threshold. This study used a purposive sampling method divided into 3 sampling points with 3 replications each, the distance of each point from the coastline is 5 meters, 7 meters, and 10 meters. Analysis of the number of coliform bacteria was carried out using standard microbiological methods and expressed in units of CFU/100 ml. The results showed that the average total coliform bacteria at point 1 was 100 CFU/100 ml, point 2 was 128.7 CFU/100 ml, and point 3 was 94.7 CFU/100 ml. These results indicate that Liang Beach still meets microbiological quality standards and is relatively safe for tourism activities. This research is expected to provide baseline data for microbiological research and sustainable management in the waters of Liang Beach.

Analisis Molekuler Keberadaan Patogen Malaria pada Sampel Klinis dari Labkesda Aceh Barat Berbasis Real-Time PCR

Siti Aisyah — 2026-04-28

Malaria remains a public health problem in pre-elimination areas, primarily due to the increase in cases with low parasitemia, which often go undetected by microscopic examination and potentially maintain hidden transmission. This study aims to identify the presence of malaria pathogens in clinical samples from the West Aceh Regional Health Laboratory (Labkesda) using real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) as a molecular confirmation approach. This study employed a quantitative descriptive design based on diagnostic surveillance. Dried Blood Spot (DBS) samples from patients exhibiting malaria symptoms were analyzed at the Banda Aceh Public Health Laboratory (Labkesmas). The results showed that four of the five samples tested positive for Plasmodium, and all were identified as Plasmodium knowlesi with Ct values <40. This finding indicates the presence of malaria infections that could potentially go undetected by conventional microscopy. Thus, qPCR has the potential to be a sensitive confirmation method to support malaria case detection in surveillance activities.

Mengungkap Peran Asisten Dosen dalam Mendorong Self-Regulated Learning Mahasiswa Biologi: Studi Mixed Methods Embedded

Fahrul Ghani Muhaimin — 2026-04-28

Self-regulated learning (SRL) is an essential ability that students must possess to manage their learning processes independently; however, in reality, this ability is still not optimal. One factor that has the potential to support the development of SRL is the role of teaching assistants in the learning process. This study aims to analyze the role of teaching assistants, examine their influence on the SRL of biology students, and explore the pedagogical mechanisms underlying this relationship. The study employed a mixed-methods approach with an embedded design, in which quantitative data served as the primary data and qualitative data as supporting data. The quantitative sample consisted of 207 students and 13 qualitative informants (10 students and 3 teaching assistants) selected through purposive sampling. The results showed that the role of teaching assistants was in the very high category (mean = 4.32), while students’ SRL was in the high category (mean = 4.20). The correlation value (R) of 0.630 indicates a positive relationship between the role of teaching assistants and SRL, with a contribution of 39.7% (R² = 0.397). The regression equation obtained was Y = 30.372 + 0.621X, indicating that each unit increase in the role of teaching assistants leads to an increase in students’ SRL. Pedagogically, this influence is mediated through learning facilitation, reflective feedback, and guided discussions. Therefore, teaching assistants play a strategic role in supporting students’ independent learning.

Napas Hijau Gunung Kawi : Etnobotani Tumbuhan dalam Ritual dan Pengobatan Tradisional Masyarakat Sekitar Desa Balesari

Baqtiar Rizki Romadhon — 2026-04-29

This research is motivated by the lack of documentation of the use of ritual plants and traditional medicine by the Balesari village community, which is threatened with extinction due to modernization. In addition, it aims to identify and document the diversity of ritual plants and traditional medicine of the Balesari village community and analyze quantitative ethnobotanical indexes based on local knowledge, which contributes to the preservation of local knowledge, community adaptation to the environment, and strengthening biocultural resilience as a basis for sustainable conservation and development of traditional medicine. The research method used is a mixed method with an exploratory sequential design. Qualitative data were collected through interviews with the palace caretaker as a key informant and the palace area manager as an additional informant. Quantitative data were obtained through questionnaires to 92 Balesari village residents. Informants were selected through purposive sampling techniques followed by snowball sampling and qualitative and quantitative descriptive analyses were conducted using the ICF, RFC, and SUV indices. The results of the study identified 20 plant species from 12 families with a dominant Zingiberaceae that are used to treat diseases such as coughs, fever, worms, and to tighten the feminine area. The most frequently used plant parts are leaves with a PPUV value of 46.5% and rhizomes at 34.7%. Utilization of plant parts is carried out through boiling, grinding, or a combination of both. The ethnobotanical index shows a high consensus (ICF 0.75-1.00), the highest frequency of mention for Zingiber officinale and Kaempferia galanga (RFC=1), and the highest use value for Zingiber officinale (SUV=1.74) and the Moringaceae family (FUV=1.43). This reflects the strong local knowledge of the Balesari Village community in utilizing a diversity of ritual and health plants. This practice demonstrates the community's adaptation to environmental conditions in strengthening biocultural resilience through the transmission of traditional knowledge from generation to generation.

Dari Ladang ke Meja Makan : Kajian Etnobotani Tumbuhan Pangan Lokal di Desa Gunungronggo Kabupaten Malang

Ananda Rifta Anastasya — 2026-04-29

Local food plants play an important role in supporting food security and the sustainable utilization of biological resources at the community level. However, information regarding the types and utilization patterns based on local knowledge is still limited, particularly in Gunungronggo Village. This study aims to identify the types of local food plants and analyze their utilization patterns using an ethnobotanical approach. The method used was a mixed-method (qualitative–quantitative) with an exploratory sequential design. Qualitative data were obtained through interviews with informants selected using purposive and snowball sampling techniques, while quantitative data were collected from 92 respondents through questionnaires. The results showed that there were 24 species of food plants utilized, consisting of various growth forms dominated by herbs, trees, lianas, and shrubs. The highest Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) value of 0.99 indicates a strong agreement among the community regarding the use of plants as sources of carbohydrates and vegetables. The Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) showed the highest value of 1 for Colocasia esculenta, Oryza sativa, Zea mays, Musa sp., Carica papaya, Ipomoea aquatica, Ipomoea batatas, and Capsicum annuum. The highest Species Use Value (SUV) was found in Musa sp. with a value of 2.54. The family Musaceae had the highest Family Use Value (FUV) of 2.54, while the most utilized plant part was fruit (60.4%). The highest Fidelity Level (FL) value was found in Carica papaya, Durio zibethinus, Persea americana, Selenicereus undatus, Lansium domesticum, and Psidium guajava (100%), indicating high specificity of use. This study concludes that the utilization of local food plants in Gunungronggo Village is diverse, structured, and supported by strong local knowledge.

Struktur Komunitas Mangrove di Bale Mangrove Poton Bako Jerowaru Lombok Timur

Rizki Dwi Saputra — 2026-04-29

The mangrove ecosystem in Bale Mangrove Poton Bako area has an important ecological and economic role for the people of East Lombok, but data regarding its community structure needs to be updated as a basis for management. This study aims to analyze the structure of the mangrove community in the area. The method used is the line transect and plot method spread across three observation clusters with plot sizes of 10x10 meters (trees), 5x5 meters (saplings), and 2x2 meters (seedlings). The results showed the presence of 5 mangrove species from 3 families, namely Avicennia marina, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora stylosa, and Sonneratia alba. Based on species composition, the study area is dominated by Rhizophora mucronata (38%). The density of tree-level species (500-667 trees/ha) is categorized as “sparse”, but the canopy cover reaches 80% (very dense category) in accordance with the standards of the Minister of Environment Decree No. 201 of 2004. Rhizophora mucronata dominates Clusters I and II with the highest Importance Value Index (IVI) (151.33-211.21%), while Sonneratia alba dominates Cluster III (IVI 180.31%). This area exhibits high regeneration potential, with a seedling density of up to 22,500 individuals/ha under optimal environmental conditions (salinity 29-31 ppt; pH 7.2-7.6).

Kajian Etnobotani Rempah sebagai Representasi Kearifan Lokal dan Pengetahuan Tradisional Masyarakat Desa Punten Kota Batu

Aulinisa Gita Herdiyanti — 2026-04-30

The use of spices by local communities represents an important aspect of local wisdom, reflecting the relationship between humans and biological resources. This study aims to identify the diversity of spices and analyze their utilization levels as a representation of traditional knowledge in Punten Village, Batu City. This research employed a mixed-methods approach with an exploratory sequential design integrating qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative data was obtained through interviews with informants determined using purposive sampling techniques followed by snowball sampling, then observations and documentation were collected as supporting data. Meanwhile, quantitative data were obtained through a questionnaire survey distributed to 95 respondents determined using the Slovin formula with a 10% margin of error. Data were analyzed descriptively for qualitative data and using ethnobotanical indices for quantitative data, including Informant Consensus Factor (ICF), Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC), Species Use Value (SUV), Family Use Value (FUV), Plant Part Use Value (PPUV), and Fidelity Level (FL), to assess the importance and utilization of spices. The results showed 14 spice species belonging to eight families, with Zingiberaceae as the dominant family. The highest ICF value was found in the culinary category (0.98), while the highest RFC (0.96) and SUV (1.68) values were observed in Zingiber officinale. The Zingiberaceae family had the highest FUV value (0.91), and rhizomes were the most utilized plant parts (42.7%). These findings highlight that spice utilization in Punten Village reflects strong traditional knowledge and demonstrates the potential for biodiversity conservation based on local wisdom.

Validitas E-Modul Berbasis Problem Based Learning (PBL) pada Materi Fungi untuk Mengembangkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis

Dewi Semiati — 2026-04-30

The limited availability of instructional materials that support learning focused on higher-order thinking skills in the fungi curriculum for 10th-grade high school students serves as the background for this study. This situation highlights the need to develop innovative instructional materials based on Problem-Based Learning (PBL). This study aims to develop a Problem-Based Learning (PBL)-based e-module on fungi and to determine its validity as a biology instructional material. The study employed the Research and Development (R&D) method using the 4D model, implemented through the define, design, develop, and disseminate stages. However, this study was conducted only up to the develop stage, excluding the disseminate stage, as it focused on product development and validity testing. The validity test was conducted by three validators, consisting of two lecturers specializing in biology content and instructional media and one high school biology teacher, using a Likert scale assessment instrument covering the aspects of content, presentation structure, language, and media. The validation results indicate that the developed e-module achieved an average validity score of 90.1%, classified as highly valid, comprising 87.8% for content, 88.0% for presentation structure, 93.3% for language, and 91.1% for media. Based on these results, the PBL-based e-module on fungi was found to have a very high level of validity (highly valid) as a biology teaching material.

Carbon Stock and CO₂ Sequestration Potential of Terminalia mantaly as a Conservation Effort in the Campus Forest of the State University of Surabaya

Gita Rizki Anggraini — 2026-04-30

Carbon stocks in campus forests play an important role in maintaining ecosystem balance and supporting climate change mitigation. This study aims to analyze the biomass, carbon stock, and carbon sequestration of Terminalia mantaly, along with the contributing factors that influence them. This research employed a non-destructive measurement with purposive sampling. The relationship among variables was analyzed using pearson correlation. The result showed that the highest biomass, carbon stock, and CO₂ sequestration values were found at station 2 with sequential sizes of 187.29 kg; 88.02 kg; 323.05 kg. The results of the correlation analysis indicate that carbon stock has a strong and significant positive correlation with diameter, biomass, and CO₂ uptake (r = 0.94, r = 1, and r = 1, respectively). Leaf area showed a strong but non-significant correlation (r = 0.73). Meanwhile, no significant correlations were found between tree height and leaf chlorophyll content and carbon stock (r = 0.20 and r = 0.38, respectively). These findings indicate that Terminalia mantaly has the potential to serve as a carbon sink and CO₂ sequester, particularly in the Surabaya State University Campus Forest.

Keanekaragaman Tumbuhan Ritual dalam Tradisi Megengan : Kajian Etnobotani di Kampung Budaya Polowijen Kota Malang

Windi Rahmawati — 2026-04-30

Megengan is a ritual of gratitude and communal prayer practiced by the Javanese community, utilizing various plant species as the main components in the cultural procession to welcome the holy month of Ramadan. This study aims to identify, analyze, and document the plant species used, their utilization, symbolic meanings, as well as conservation efforts within the Megengan tradition in Kampung Budaya Polowijen. This research employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive-exploratory method. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation involving traditional leaders and practitioners of the Megengan tradition. Key informants were determined using purposive sampling, which was then expanded through snowball sampling to obtain additional sources of information. Data were analyzed descriptively through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that there are 12 plant species from 11 families utilized in the Megengan ritual procession, with plant parts used including flowers, leaves, fruits, seeds, and rhizomes. These plants serve both practical functions and philosophical meanings as spiritual and social symbols. Conservation efforts are reflected in the sources of the plants, which are mostly obtained from community cultivation. The conservation status of the identified species is largely categorized as not evaluated (50%), indicating that these species have not yet been scientifically assessed by official conservation institutions, thus further research is needed to support the preservation of biocultural knowledge. These findings highlight the role of the Megengan tradition in preserving ethnobotanical knowledge and maintaining harmony between the community and the environment.

Studi Etnobotani Ritual Erpangir Ku Lau pada Masyarakat Karo di Kecamatan Kabanjahe Kabupaten Karo

Dinda Syahfitri — 2026-04-30

The Erpangir Ku Lau ritual is a Karo people's self-purification ritual that has traditionally utilized plants as the main element. This study aims to examine the belief system (cosmos), local knowledge (corpus), and plant utilization practices (praxis) in the Erpangir Ku Lau ritual in Kabanjahe District. The study was conducted in January 2026 in Lau Cimba Village using a qualitative and quantitative descriptive approach through semi-structured interviews with 10 key informants selected by purposive sampling. The results identified 17 species from 11 plant families. The Rutaceae family dominated with 4 species (23.53%), followed by Rosaceae with 3 species (17.65%), and Poaceae with 2 species (11.76%). The most commonly utilized organs were fruits and flowers (29.41%), followed by leaves (23.53%). Shrub habitus dominated with 47.06%. The Karo people view plants as symbolic and spiritually significant, with the kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix D.C.) as a key plant. Plant use reflects holistic local wisdom, combining ecological, chemical, and spiritual aspects. Documenting this traditional knowledge is crucial to prevent its extinction due to modernization.

Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Obat Berpotensi Tinggi dalam Tradisi Oukup dengan Studi Index of Cultural Significance pada Masyarakat Karo di Kecamatan Kabanjahe Kabupaten Karo

Anastasiya Octavia Febrianti — 2026-04-30

This research is a descriptive mixed-method ethnobotanical study aimed at identifying medicinal plants in the Oukup tradition of the Karo people based on the Index of Cultural Significance (ICS), analyzing utilization patterns, and analyzing community perspectives on their benefits and effectiveness. The research was conducted in Kabanjahe District through interviews and observations using a snowball sampling technique with 10 informants. Sixteen medicinal plant species were recorded, with the highest ICS score being ginger (50), followed by pepper (40), sappanwood (24), black ginger (20), and torch ginger (18). Plants are used in the form of rhizomes, stems, leaves, and fruits through boiling and steaming for postpartum recovery, increasing stamina, relaxing, warming the body, and reducing aches. The community positively assesses Oukup in terms of benefits, safety, and effectiveness, thus maintaining its relevance in the traditional health system and having the potential to be developed and preserved.

Kajian Etnobotani Tumbuhan Ritual dalam Tradisi Kenduren Jagad : Eksplorasi Kearifan Lokal Masyarakat Andonosari, Pasuruan

Syvangi Dwi Pramudya — 2026-04-30

This study examines the use of plants in the Kenduren Jagad tradition in Andonosari Village, Pasuruan Regency as a form of community ethnobotanical practice. The method used is descriptive qualitative through interviews, observation, and documentation, with the determination of informants by purposive and snowball sampling and interactive model data analysis. The results of the study identified 23 plant species from 14 families, with a dominant herbaceous habitus (52%) compared to shrubs (48%). The use of plants is divided into three main patterns, namely as tumpeng food ingredients, ancak decorations, and symbolic in ritual processions. Plants used as food ingredients include broccoli, bean sprouts, and carrots, while most other types are used as ancak decorations to beautify the ritual appearance based on variations in shape and color. Symbolically, plants represent the values of gratitude, prosperity, and balance in community life. Plant parts used include flowers, fruits, leaves, tubers, seeds, and pods, with the dominance of fruit and leaf organs. All plants are obtained through local cultivation with a relatively safe conservation status (least concern and not evaluated), so as not to put pressure on wild natural resources. This pattern demonstrates the close relationship between cultural practices and locally based biological resource management. Thus, the Kenduren Jagad tradition serves as a model for biocultural conservation that not only preserves biodiversity but also maintains the sustainability of the community's ethnobotanical knowledge.

Pengaruh Pemberian Pupuk Organik Cair (POC) dari Kulit Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Sawi Hijau (Brassica juncea L.)

Yolanda Sulastri Simanjuntak — 2026-04-30

This study aims to determine the effect of Liquid Organic Fertilizer (POC) from durian peel (Durio zibethinus Murr.) on the growth of mustard greens (Brassica juncea L.). This study was conducted at the Greenhouse, Medan State University using a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of four treatments with six replications, resulting in 24 experimental units. The parameters observed included plant height, number of leaves, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight of the plant. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the levels of nutrients contained in the liquid organic fertilizer from durian peel waste were 0.93% C-Organic, 0.36% Total Nitrogen, 0.21% P2O5, 0.05% K2O, and 0.02% Total Ca. The application of liquid organic fertilizer from durian peel waste had a significant effect (p <0.05) on all growth and production parameters of mustard greens (Brassica juncea L.). Based on the results of the Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT), the most optimal treatment for mustard greens growth was a concentration of 300 ml of Organic Fertilizer (POC) and 1,000 ml of water. This indicates that the nutrient absorption effectiveness of durian peel POC is sufficient to support maximum vegetative plant growth.

Kajian Etnobotani Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan dalam Praktik Ritual Mecaru di Candi Singosari Kabupaten Malang

Auliya Maulida Kasana — 2026-04-30

The use of plants in the Mecaru ritual at Singosari Temple represents an important aspect of local wisdom that is at risk of decline due to limited scientific documentation and the influence of modernization. This study aims to document and examine local community knowledge regarding the use of plants in the Mecaru ritual at Singosari Temple, Malang Regency. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation. Informants were selected purposively and expanded using the snowball sampling technique. The results revealed that 11 plant species belonging to 9 families were utilized, with various growth forms including trees, herbs, shrubs, and bushes. The most commonly used plant parts were flowers, followed by leaves and fruits, with most of them used in fresh condition. These plants hold philosophical meanings related to spiritual values, symbols of purity, and expressions of gratitude in community life. In general, the conservation status of these plants has not been widely identified; however, the practice of utilizing local plants reflects efforts toward the sustainable use of resources. These findings highlight the important role of the Mecaru ritual in preserving local wisdom, strengthening ethnobotanical studies, and supporting cultural and environmental sustainability.

Analisis Perilaku Kebiasaan Membuang Sampah di Pantai Loang Baloq Kota Mataram

Nazima Fitria — 2026-04-30

This study aims to analyze the waste disposal behavior of visitors to Loang Baloq Beach, Mataram City, and the factors influencing it. This study used a quantitative descriptive approach involving 35 respondents selected through accidental sampling in December 2025. Data were collected through a closed-ended questionnaire using a Likert scale, field observations, and documentation, then analyzed descriptively through frequency calculations, percentages, and average values. The results showed that most respondents had a very good level of hygiene knowledge, but proactive behavior in maintaining cleanliness was still low. Basic behavior of disposing of waste in the proper place was high, while advanced behaviors such as picking up trash, bringing home recyclable waste, and reprimanding violators were still rare. This condition was supported by limited trash bin facilities, a lack of warning signs, and a lack of supervision at the study site. These findings indicate a gap between knowledge and practice of hygiene behavior in the Loang Baloq Beach area.

Analisis Perilaku Pelaku Usaha Mikro dan Tindakan Masyarakat terhadap Pembuangan Limbah Industri Tahu-Tempe di Daerah Aliran Sungai Kelurahan Abian Tubuh Baru Kota Mataram

Adelia Adelia — 2026-04-30

The micro-scale tofu-tempeh industry in Abian Tubuh Baru Village has a strategic economic role, but its production activities produce liquid waste with a high organic load that risks degrading the aquatic ecosystem. This study aims to analyze in depth the behavior of micro-business actors in liquid waste management, as well as the community's social response to waste disposal in the Abian Tubuh Baru Village Watershed. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a case study approach. Data were collected through field observations and in-depth interviews with business actors and the surrounding community who were selected purposively until data saturation was achieved. Data analysis was carried out thematically using the Miles & Huberman interactive model. The results showed that liquid waste is still discharged directly into water bodies without treatment due to the persistence of habitual factors, limited environmental literacy, and the absence of waste processing infrastructure facilities. This condition causes a significant decline in river water quality, characterized by changes in physical parameters (color and turbidity), and the emergence of a pungent odor due to organic decomposition. The community shows a tendency to act passively through environmental normalization by choosing to stop using river water rather than carrying out social control. These findings imply the urgency of community-based environmental awareness-building interventions for sustainable river pollution mitigation.

Perilaku Pemakaian Plastik Sekali Pakai oleh Mahasiswa dalam Aktivitas di Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Mataram

Baiq Yuni Ariati Auliya — 2026-04-30

Single-use plastic remains a major pollution problem in the campus environment. This study aims to analyze the single-use plastic consumption behavior of students in the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (FMIPA) at the University of Mataram based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), including attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, intentions, and actual behavior. This study used a descriptive quantitative approach, with 94 students selected through stratified random sampling from six study programs as respondents. Data were collected using a 1–5 Likert scale questionnaire and analyzed descriptively. The results showed that all TPB constructs tended to be in the moderate category, indicating that environmental awareness has been established but has not yet developed into consistent behavioral habits. A similar trend was seen across attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and actual behavior. The Environmental Science Study Program consistently scored higher than other study programs, indicating that an ecologically based academic culture plays a crucial role in establishing stronger social norms, thus enabling environmentally conscious behavior to be realized.

Potensi Tumbuhan Sayur sebagai Sumber Pangan Berkelanjutan : Kajian Etnobotani di Desa Ngabab Kabupaten Malang

Chita Aura Suko Nisrinadevi — 2026-04-30

Changes in community consumption patterns that tend to reduce the use of local vegetables, so that ethnobotanical studies are needed to document and analyze their potential as a sustainable food source. This study aims to identify the diversity and utilization of local vegetables, as well as analyze the ethnobotanical index based on the knowledge of the Ngabab Village community. This study uses a mixed methods approach with an exploratory sequential design. Data were collected through interviews, observations, documentation, and surveys. The determination of informants and respondents was done purposively. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively using the Miles and Huberman model, and quantitatively using the ethnobotanical index. The results showed that there were 11 local vegetable species from 5 families utilized by the community. The Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) value was 0.98, the RFC value showed the highest result of 0.93 in Brassica oleracea (cabbage) which indicates that this species is the vegetable most utilized by the community. In addition, the highest SUV value was also found in Brassica oleracea at 2.12 which indicates the most dominant level of use compared to other species. The Brassicaceae family had the highest FUV value of 1.41, and the most widely utilized part (PPUV) was the fruit (33.03%). The conclusion of this study is that local vegetables play a vital role in the community's food system and have the potential to support food security and the sustainable preservation of local knowledge.

Validitas E-Modul Biologi Berbasis PBL Isu Lingkungan Lokal Tuban untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa

Dina Afiya — 2026-04-30

This study aims to develop a Problem-Based Learning (PBL)-based biology e-module with a local theme from Tuban Regency, focusing on environmental issues. The study used a Research and Development (R&D) model with ADDIE stages limited to analysis, design, and development. The data collection instrument was a validation sheet that assessed the feasibility of the material, systematics, language, and media design and presentation. The results showed that the PBL-based biology e-module with a local theme from Tuban met the criteria of highly valid, with an average score of 81.75% from biology learning media expert validators and 97.5% from science learning material expert validators (biology). Based on these results, the developed e-module is suitable as a supporting teaching material in biology lessons for seventh-grade junior high school students on environmental issues with a local theme.