Biocaster : Jurnal Kajian Biologi

Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Reading, Mind Mapping, dan Sharing Berbantuan Media Flipbook terhadap Kemampuan Literasi Digital pada Mata Pelajaran Biologi Siswa Kelas XI SMA Negeri 11 Samarinda

Syarifah Aisyah Anugrah Syam — 2026-07-01

Monotonous learning makes students accustomed to receiving information without searching, evaluating, and processing information independently. This condition has an impact on students' low digital literacy skills. Digital literacy skills are students' abilities to access, understand, evaluate, and use digital information to support the learning process. One effort that can be done is to apply various methods and media in the learning process. A model that can meet these needs is the Reading, Mind Mapping, and Sharing (RMS) learning model. This study aims to examine the effect of implementing the RMS learning model assisted by flipbook media on digital literacy skills in biology subjects of grade XI students of SMAN 11 Samarinda. This study uses a quantitative method using a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design with a purposive sampling technique and a sample of 50 students. The instrument analysis technique used is the expert validation test, while the data analysis technique used is the N-Gain test and the independent sample t-test. The N-Gain test of the digital literacy questionnaire in the experimental class was 0.3 with a medium category, while in the control class it was 0.02 with a low category. Furthermore, the results of the independent sample t-test on the digital literacy questionnaire showed a p-value <0.001. Thus, it can be concluded that the flipbook-assisted RMS learning model has an effect on digital literacy skills in biology among eleventh-grade students at SMAN 11 Samarinda. These findings indicate that the flipbook-assisted RMS model is effective in improving students' digital literacy skills through reading activities, concept mapping, and collaborative information sharing.

Efektivitas Model Teams Games Tournament Berbantuan Game Monopoli dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar dan Keaktifan Siswa Kelas VII di SMP Negeri 48 Samarinda

Rosinta Rosinta — 2026-07-01

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the team games tournament learning model assisted by the monopoly game in improving student learning outcomes and activeness in the material of classification of living things for grade VII at SMP Negeri 48 Samarinda. The selection of this school was based on the problems found, namely the learning process that still tends to be teacher-centered, low student participation in learning activities, and the existence of a school policy that does not allow students to bring mobile phones, thus limiting the use of digital learning media in the classroom. The method used was a quasi-experiment with a pretest–posttest control group design, with samples determined through cluster random sampling techniques, so that two classes were obtained, namely the experimental class and the control class, each consisting of 24 students. The research variables included cognitive learning outcomes and student activeness, with instruments in the form of tests (pre-test and post-test) and an activeness questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out using normality tests, homogeneity tests, and independent sample t-tests. The results showed that the average pre-test scores for both classes were relatively similar, while the average post-test scores for the experimental class were higher than those for the control class. The percentage of student activity in the experimental class was in the very active category, while the percentage of student activity in the control class was in the active category. The t-test results showed a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05, indicating a significant difference between the two classes. Thus, the Monopoly game-assisted team games tournament learning model is effective in improving student learning outcomes and engagement.

Hubungan Pengetahuan Lingkungan dengan Sikap Peduli Lingkungan pada Siswa SMP Negeri 40 Samarinda

Putriyanni Putriyanni — 2026-07-01

This study aims to determine the relationship between environmental knowledge and environmental awareness among students of SMP Negeri 40 Samarinda. Awareness of the importance of protecting the environment needs to be instilled from an early age through increasing knowledge and developing environmental awareness among students. Lack of environmental awareness, such as littering and not maintaining school cleanliness, shows the importance of environmental knowledge in developing students' environmental awareness. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between environmental knowledge and environmental awareness among students of SMP Negeri 40 Samarinda. This study used a quantitative approach with a correlational method. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires given to students as research respondents. The data obtained were analyzed using normality tests and correlation hypothesis tests. The results showed that the data were normally distributed. Based on the results of the hypothesis test, a correlation coefficient value of 0.345 was obtained, which is included in the low category, thus indicating a low positive relationship between environmental knowledge and students' environmental awareness. This positive relationship indicates that the higher the students' environmental knowledge, the better the environmental awareness they have. However, the low correlation value indicates that environmental knowledge does not fully influence students' environmental awareness, as other factors contribute, such as habits, the surrounding environment, and the inculcation of environmentally conscious behavior in daily life. Therefore, supporting efforts through environmental education and programs in schools are needed to optimally develop students' environmental awareness and attitudes.

Evaluasi Suhu dan Kelembapan Udara terhadap Produktivitas Padi dan Ubi Kayu di Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai

Dela Arinda — 2026-07-01

Changes in climate elements such as air temperature and humidity have the potential to affect food crop productivity. This study aims to analyze the relationship and influence of average temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and air humidity on rice and cassava productivity in Serdang Bedagai Regency for the period 2014–2023. Productivity data were obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), while temperature and dew point data came from ERA5 developed by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMRWF). Air humidity was calculated using the Magnus–Tetens equation. The analysis was carried out using correlation and multiple linear regression. The results showed that the relationship between climate factors and crop productivity tended to be weak to moderate. In rice, minimum air temperature had a moderate negative correlation (r = -0.54), while humidity had a fairly strong positive correlation (r = 0.68). In cassava, minimum air temperature had a weak negative correlation (r = -0.32), while humidity had a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.55). The regression results indicate that climate factors simultaneously had no significant effect on rice productivity (p = 0.573; R² = 0.39) or cassava (p = 0.483; R² = 0.446). This finding suggests that air temperature and humidity make limited contributions and have not yet demonstrated a statistically significant effect on crop productivity in Serdang Bedagai Regency.

Pengaruh Kombinasi Pupuk Organik Cair (POC) Mikroorganisme Lokal (MOL) Nasi Basi dengan Mulsa Organik (Daun Ketapang (Terminalia catappa L) dan Pelepah Pisang (Musa sp.)) terhadap Intensitas Serangan Serangga Hama pada Tanaman Bayam Kakap (Amaranthus hybridus)

Desy Amanda Putri — 2026-07-01

This study aims to determine the combination of Liquid Organic Fertilizer (POC) Local Microorganisms (MOL) stale rice with organic mulch (ketapang leaves (Terminalia catappa L) and banana stems (Musa sp.)) on the intensity of insect pest attacks on snapper spinach (Amaranthus hybridus) plants. The type of research used is experimental research. In this study, the population used was snapper spinach (Amaranthus hybridus). Observation data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and continued with the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at the 5% level. The results showed that the combination of POC-MOL stale rice with organic mulch ketapang leaves and banana stems had a significant effect on the intensity of pest attacks (p < 0.05). The intensity of pest attacks tended to decrease over the observation period, namely 7.34% (12 HST), 9.28% (17 HST), 6.70% (22 HST), and 5.00% (27 HST). The T4 treatment was the most effective combination in suppressing pest infestation compared to other treatments. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the combination of spoiled rice POC-MOL with organic mulch has the potential to be an environmentally friendly pest control method for spinach cultivation.

Deteksi Resistensi Isolat Bakteri Salmonella sp. dari Feses Segar Ayam Petelur (Gallus gallus domesticus) terhadap Antibiotik

Widia Restu — 2026-07-02

Antibiotic resistance is a global problem that connects human and animal health. This resistance occurs when bacteria acquire genes that allow them to survive when exposed to antibiotics. Wanasaba District, East Lombok is one of the districts that has a large population of laying hens, one of the infectious diseases that often attacks poultry and is treated using antibiotics is salmonella sp. This study aims to detect the resistance of Salmonella sp. bacterial isolates derived from fresh feces of laying hens (Gallus gallus domesticus) to antibiotics. This study is a laboratory experimental study conducted in November 2025 with a total of 3 samples of fresh feces of laying hens taken using a purposive sampling method. Bacterial isolation was carried out using Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD) agar media, then identified using biochemical tests to confirm the presence of Salmonella sp. Antibiotic resistance tests were carried out using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method using 30 μg tetracycline antibiotics, 10 μg gentamicin, and 5 μg enrofloxacin. The results showed that all Salmonella sp. isolates from the three samples demonstrated 100% sensitivity to the three types of antibiotics tested. These results indicate that Salmonella sp. isolates in laying hens at the study site have not yet developed resistance to the antibiotics used. However, monitoring antibiotic use and implementing good farm management are still necessary to prevent the emergence of bacterial resistance in the future.

Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Asian Ticktrefoil (Desmodium heterocarpon (L.) DC.) dan Bonggol Nanas (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) sebagai Pestisida Nabati terhadap Intensitas Serangan Serangga Hama pada Tanaman Sawi Hijau (Brassica juncea L.)

Ainiyyah Nur Azizah — 2026-07-04

The study aimed to determine the effect of Asian Ticktrefoil leaf extract (Desmodium heterocarpon (L.) DC.) and Pineapple Weevil (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) as botanical pesticides on the intensity of insect pest attacks on Green Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) plants. This type of research is an experimental study conducted in the Agricultural Land of Jalan Jayakarta RT. 19, Rawa Makmur Village, Palaran District, Samarinda City. The research design used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 5 treatments, namely: T0 (control), T1 (detergent + water), T2 (50% Asian ticktrefoil leaf extract), T3 (50% pineapple weevil extract), and T4 (50% combination of Asian ticktrefoil leaf and pineapple weevil extract) with 5 replications. The data analysis results showed that the calculated F for each treatment, respectively, was (457.05) > F (4.77) at a significance level of 1%. This demonstrates a highly significant effect of the application of Asian Ticktrefoil (Desmodium heterocarpon (L.) DC.) leaf extract and Pineapple Weevil (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) as botanical pesticides on the intensity of insect pest attacks on mustard greens (Brassica juncea L.). These findings demonstrate the potential of locally sourced botanical pesticides as an environmentally friendly pest control alternative in mustard greens cultivation.

Pengembangan Media Flashcard Berbasis Augmented Reality Keragaman Jamur Makroskopis Divisi Ascomycota di Tahura Sultan Adam Mandiangin sebagai Penunjang Pembelajaran Biologi di SMA

Rini Salma Nabila — 2026-07-04

Current technological advancements require the use of engaging, interactive, and context-based educational media to enhance students’ motivation and understanding. This study aims to develop augmented reality-based flashcard media on the diversity of macroscopic fungi in the Ascomycota division and to test the suitability, feasibility, readability, and student responses to the media. The development of augmented reality-based flashcard media refers to Thiagarajan’s 4D model, limited to the disseminate stage. Three experts served as subjects for the suitability and feasibility tests, and 15 students who had studied biodiversity material participated in the readability and response tests, using an assessment instrument in the form of a questionnaire with a rating scale of 1 to 5. Based on the research results, the developed media received an average suitability score of 4.42 (very suitable), a feasibility of 4.52 (very feasible), a readability of 4.30 (very good), and students response of 4.35 (very good). Therefore, these augmented reality-based flashcards are deemed suitable as a supporting tool in biology education, particularly for the concept of biodiversity within the fungi subtopic.

Isolasi dan Identifikasi Jamur pada Buah Cabai Rawit Putih (Capsicum frutescens L.) Varietas Hibrida F1 Bhaskara yang Bergejala Antraknosa dari Lahan Tani Desa Tondoh Kabupaten Kutai Barat

Riska Rahmawati Utami — 2026-07-04

Anthracnose is a disease that often attacks cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.). This study aims to identify fungal species and determine the morphological characteristics of fungi found in white cayenne pepper fruit of the F1 Bhaskara Hybrid variety with anthracnose symptoms from the farmland of Tondoh Village, Mook Manaar Bulatn District, West Kutai Regency. The type of research used is qualitative descriptive, namely symptomatic fruit samples were isolated using the direct planting method (direct plating) on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media, and fungal identification was carried out by observing the macromorphological and micromorphological characteristics of the fungus. The results showed that there were three types of fungi that were successfully isolated, namely Colletotrichum sp., Pythium sp., and Rhizoctonia sp. Colletotrichum sp. has white colonies with a cotton-like texture, septate hyphae, and cylindrical conidia. Pythium sp. is characterized by non-septate hyphae and spherical sporangia. Rhizoctonia sp. have light brown colonies with septate hyphae and perpendicular branches forming approximately 90° angles. The presence of these three fungi indicates that in addition to Colletotrichum sp. as the primary cause of anthracnose, there are accompanying pathogens that exacerbate damage and accelerate fruit decay. The results of this study serve as the basis for developing anthracnose control strategies.

Tren Global Emisi Dinitrogen Oksida dari Pemupukan NPK: Tinjauan Sistematis dan Analisis Bibliometrik

Anggi Diyah Ayu Oka — 2026-07-04

This study aims to analyze the development, distribution, and scientific structure of research related to the use of NPK fertilizers and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions in the last decade. The increased use of nitrogen fertilizers in modern agricultural systems has contributed to greenhouse gas emissions, especially nitrous oxide (N₂O), which has a high global warming potential. This study uses a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach combined with a bibliometric analysis based on Scopus data for the 2015-2025 period. The literature selection process was carried out using PRISMA guidelines, resulting in 114 articles that were further analyzed using VOSviewer software. The results of the study show that publications increased significantly after 2020, with research dominated by Chinese and Asian-based institutions. Keyword analysis shows that research is still dominated by soil geochemical approaches, while integration with aspects of nitrogen use efficiency, crop productivity, and climate change mitigation is still limited. In addition, the collaboration network shows fragmentation between research groups. Overall, this study reveals conceptual and geographic gaps in research and emphasizes the importance of developing an integrative approach to fertilizer management and supporting sustainable agriculture and greenhouse gas mitigation.

Analisis Spasio-Temporal terhadap Invasi Vegetasi Oportunistik di Hutan Mangrove Terdegradasi

Syaiful Eddy — 2026-07-06

Anthropogenic activities such as land conversion and illegal logging have triggered massive degradation of mangrove canopies, reduced blue carbon stocks, and triggered secondary succession in the form of opportunistic-invasive vegetation invasions such as Nypa fruticans. Conventional field survey-based monitoring faces significant geographical and cost constraints. This study aims to synthesize the development of spatio-temporal satellite data methodologies, identify research gaps in remote sensing sensors, and formulate a monitoring framework for degraded mangroves through several databases. This narrative literature review for the period 2016–2026 was conducted through inclusion and exclusion criteria-based screening of Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink databases, with 45 selected scientific articles analyzed using qualitative-thematic synthesis techniques. The synthesis results indicate that the integration of long-term temporal data (Landsat and Sentinel-2) on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform with machine learning algorithms (such as random forest) is very reliable in tracking canopy damage trajectories. Spatial reconstruction successfully mapped the chronology of Nypa fruticans expansion through three main phases: initiation after upstream disturbance, aggressive colonization of open canopy gaps, and dominance of homogeneous monoculture formations. In conclusion, the use of cloud computing-based time-series satellite imagery is effective in monitoring the dynamics of degradation and opportunistic vegetation expansion chronologically. Future research should focus on multi-sensor data integration architecture (Sentinel-1 optical and radar synergy) and the validation of high-resolution drones to develop a verified early warning system for coastal restoration and carbon balance to support the achievement of SDGs 13 and 15.

Kajian Literatur tentang Pemanfaatan Tanaman Air dalam Bioremediasi Limbah Amonia pada Akuakultur

Bhersiani Kirana Pangestu — 2026-07-06

The aim of this study is to synthesise the findings of various studies on the effectiveness of aquatic plants in reducing ammonia concentrations in aquaculture systems, to identify the mechanisms of phytoremediation involved, and to compare the effectiveness of different plant species based on previous studies. The method used was a systematic literature review with a descriptive-qualitative approach. This study did not conduct experiments or collect primary data, but rather used secondary data from relevant scientific articles. Literature was obtained from Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and other indexed journals using keywords related to ammonia, aquaculture, phytoremediation, and water plants. The inclusion criteria included original research articles from 2015–2026 that were available in full text and presented quantitative data on ammonia reduction. Fifteen articles that met the criteria were analysed using thematic synthesis through grouping, comparison, and interpretation of data. The results of the synthesis showed that floating water plants such as Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes and Lemna minor were the most effective, with ammonia reduction of over 90% in several studies. The main mechanisms include nitrogen absorption by the plants, rhizofiltration, and microbial activity through nitrification in the root zone. The effectiveness is influenced by biomass, root systems, and environmental conditions such as pH, temperature, and nutrient concentration. In conclusion, the synthesis of various studies shows that phytoremediation based on floating aquatic plants is effective and has the potential to be a sustainable and environmentally friendly technology for the treatment of aquaculture waste.

Analisis Habits of Mind Mahasiswa Pendidikan Biologi Berdasarkan 16 Indikator

Masiah Masiah — 2026-07-06

This study analyzes the habits of mind of biology education students based on 16 indicators from Costa and Kallick. The study used a descriptive quantitative approach with 22 purposively selected biology education students as subjects. Data were collected using a validated 4-point Likert scale questionnaire with high reliability (Cronbach's Alpha = 0.88). Data were then analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Friedman test, and Kendall's W test. The results showed that students' habits of mind were in the moderate category and uneven across all indicators. Persistence, empathy, thoroughness, and curiosity were in the high category, while flexible thinking was in the low category. The Friedman test showed significant differences between indicators with a moderate effect size (Kendall's W = 0.32). These findings demonstrate the need for biology learning designs that emphasize the development of flexible thinking through open inquiry, problem-based learning, and metacognitive reflection.

Pola Asosiasi Flora pada Area Terdampak Invasi Derris trifoliata di Kawasan Hutan Mangrove

Sanira Sari — 2026-07-06

Mangrove ecosystems in the Air Telang Protected Forest are experiencing ecological pressure due to the dominance of the liana Derris trifoliata, which has the potential to alter the structure of vegetation communities. This study aimed to analyze the patterns of floral associations in mangrove areas affected by the dominance of Derris trifoliata. The study employed a descriptive survey method with a purposive sampling approach across four observation stations. Species association analysis was conducted using the Jaccard Index based on species presence data. The results identified 34 plant species associated with Derris trifoliata, consisting of ferns, monocots, and dicots, indicating a heterogeneous vegetation community. Similarity values among stations ranged from 0.154 to 0.594, with the highest similarity observed between Stations 2 and 3, and the lowest between Stations 2 and 4. The association values between Derris trifoliata and other species ranged from 0.25 to 1.00, with a very high association found in Nypa fruticans and a high association in Acrostichum aureum. The dominance of neutral associations indicates ecological pressure that tends to simplify the structure of mangrove vegetation communities. Ecologically, the presence of Derris trifoliata plays a role in shaping species distribution patterns through interactions influenced by environmental heterogeneity and mangrove habitat conditions.

Mengungkap Kekayaan Etnobotani: Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Obat dalam Jamu Legendaris di Kampung Jamu Kromengan Kabupaten Malang

Celena Qonitah — 2026-07-06

Traditional knowledge regarding the utilization of medicinal plants as ingredients for traditional herbal medicine (jamu) in Karangrejo Village, Kampung Jamu Kromengan, represents a form of local wisdom that is still maintained by the community. This study aimed to identify the diversity of medicinal plants and analyze their utilization levels based on quantitative ethnobotanical indices. The research employed a mixed-method approach with an exploratory sequential design through interviews, observations, documentation, and questionnaire surveys. The results revealed 12 species of medicinal plants belonging to 6 families, with the Zingiberaceae family dominating (7 species). Rhizomes were the most frequently utilized plant part, with a PPUV value of 48.8%, indicating the community’s high reliance on rhizomatous plants in jamu preparation. The highest ICF value (0.97) in the categories of relieving muscle aches and increasing appetite indicated a strong level of community agreement regarding the use of certain plants for these health conditions. The highest RFC values were found in kencur and rice, the highest SUV in turmeric, the highest FUV in the Zingiberaceae family, and the highest FL in temulawak for increasing appetite, indicating that plants from the Zingiberaceae family have high utilization, trust, and ethnobotanical importance in traditional jamu practices. In conclusion, jamu practices in Karangrejo Village are dominated by the use of rhizomatous plants, which play an important role in traditional medicine and reflect the strong local knowledge of the community regarding the use of medicinal plants.

Tumbuhan dalam Ruang Budaya: Studi Etnobotani Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan pada Ritual Wiwit Kopi Masyarakat Wonosalam, Jombang

Dewi Tatum Rona Qotrun Nada — 2026-07-10

This study aims to identify, analyze, and document the use of plants in the Wiwit Kopi ritual in Segunung Traditional Village, Wonosalam District, including plant species, habitus, organs used, methods and stages of use, philosophical meaning, and conservation efforts. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques in the form of non-participatory observation, documentation, and semi-structured interviews. The determination of informants was carried out using a purposive sampling technique for one key informant and a snowball sampling technique for three additional informants. Data analysis consists of data condensation, data presentation, and drawing conclusions using triangulation techniques to ensure data validity. The results showed that there were 21 plant species from 14 families used in the Wiwit Kopi ritual with a dominant herbaceous habitus of 57.1%. The most commonly used plant organ was the leaf at 19.0%, while the conservation status category was dominated by Not Evaluated (NE) at 66.7%. The most prominent findings indicate that the use of plants in the Wiwit Kopi ritual not only serves as a complement to the ritual but also represents philosophical values and supports culturally based conservation through the use of local plants passed down through generations.

Pengaruh Model Culturally Responsive Transformative Teaching terhadap Literasi Sains Peserta Didik

Desi Harianti — 2026-07-10

Students' low scientific literacy is evidenced by instruction that remains teacher-centered, a lack of connection between the material and real-life contexts or local culture, and suboptimal initial student proficiency (with pre-test averages of 52.00 for the experimental class and 52.75 for the control class). One alternative approach that can be implemented is the Culturally Responsive Transformative Teaching (CRTT) model based on Ngome local wisdom. This study aims to determine the effect of the Ngome-based CRTT model on students' scientific literacy regarding the topic of ecosystems. The study employed a quasi-experimental design, specifically a non-equivalent control group design. Data were collected via scientific literacy tests. The experimental class utilized the Ngome-based CRTT model, while the control class underwent conventional instruction. Data were analyzed using ANCOVA following the fulfillment of prerequisite analysis tests. The analysis results indicate that the CRTT model had a significant effect on students' scientific literacy, with a significance value of 0.000 (p < 0.05) and an F-value of 30.219. The average scientific literacy score in the experimental class rose from 52.00 to 84.25, whereas in the control class, it increased from 52.75 to 73.50. Thus, the Ngome-based CRTT model positively influences the improvement of students' scientific literacy regarding ecosystem material.

Deteksi Ektoparasit Vorticella sp. pada Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) di Desa Akar-Akar Kecamatan Bayan Kabupaten Lombok Utara

Gusti Ayu Riskha Sutrisno — 2026-07-10

This study aims to detect the presence of ectoparasites Vorticella sp. in whiteleg shrimp and its correlation with the quality of the cultivation environment in Akar-Akar Village, Bayan District, North Lombok Regency. The research method used was microscopic examination by making preparations from tissues consisting of carapace, walking legs, swimming legs, and tail. The total population was 12,000 individuals with a required sample size of 100 individuals. Furthermore, the data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that out of 100 samples, all were positive for Vorticella sp. and the prevalence value was 100%. Water quality showed a temperature of 32oC, total ammonia 0.072 mg/L, and orthophosphate 2.110 mg/L. More extreme conditions were found at DO levels reaching 0 mg/L. Meanwhile, salinity levels at 24.7 ppt, pH 7.18, and nitrite 0.049 mg/L were still within the normal range. The conclusion of this study was that all shrimp were detected with Vorticella sp., which is suspected to be closely related to poor water quality.

Isolasi dan Identifikasi Bakteri Gram Negatif pada Kloaka Ayam Layer di Mamben Daya, Lombok Timur

Ayu Afriani — 2026-07-10

Gram-negative bacteria in layer chickens have the potential to be a source of infection and a reservoir of pathogens that impact animal and human health, as well as the safety of poultry-derived food. The presence of these bacteria in the cloaca reflects the level of microbial contamination in the farm environment and can be an indicator of low barn sanitation and biosecurity. This study aimed to isolate and identify gram-negative bacteria in the cloaca of layer chickens in Mamben Daya Village, Wanasaba District, East Lombok Regency. The study used a descriptive laboratory design with 35 cloacal swab samples taken randomly from smallholder farms. Bacterial isolation was carried out through a pre-enrichment stage using Buffered Peptone Water (BPW), followed by enrichment with Selenite F Broth, and cultivation on selective Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD) media. Identification was carried out through gram staining and biochemical tests including sugar tests, Sulfide Indole Motility (SIM), Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSIA), and Simmons Citrate Agar (SCA). The results showed that 34 of 35 samples (97.14%) were positive for gram-negative bacilli. Biochemical tests identified bacteria from the Enterobacteriaceae family, namely Escherichia coli, Escherichia spp., Citrobacter spp. (Citrobacter freundii and Citrobacter diversus), and Klebsiella oxytoca, with Escherichia coli as the dominant isolate. The dominance of Escherichia coli indicates a high risk of contamination of the farm environment and poultry-derived food products, which could impact public health. This finding underscores the importance of implementing biosecurity, barn sanitation, and regular microbiological monitoring to support livestock health and food safety.

Pengaruh Konsumsi Daging Wagyu dan Daging Meltique terhadap Kadar Kolesterol Mencit (Mus musculus) Jantan

Dwi Kurnia Wijaya — 2026-07-10

Public demand for premium meat is rising, driving increased consumption of Wagyu and Meltique beef. This study aimed to determine the effect of consuming Wagyu and Meltique beef on cholesterol levels in male mice (Mus musculus). Male mice were selected due to their physiological, anatomical, nutritional, pathological, and metabolic similarities to humans, as well as their common use in cholesterol research. A total of 25 male mice were used in this study, which was conducted from March to April 2026 at the Veterinary Medicine Laboratory (RSHP) of Mandalika University of Education (UNDIKMA). Cholesterol levels were assessed by collecting blood from the tail vein of treated mice on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 using heparinized capillary tubes. Cholesterol levels were measured periodically and analyzed using a one-way ANOVA test. The results indicated that the consumption of both Wagyu and Meltique beef was associated with increased cholesterol levels in male mice. In the Wagyu group, levels rose from 81.22 mg/dL in the first week to 102.00 mg/dL in the fourth week, while the Meltique group saw an increase from 98.33 mg/dL to 123.22 mg/dL over the same period. The study concluded that the consumption of Wagyu and Meltique beef had a significant effect on increasing cholesterol levels in male mice (Mus musculus).

Skrining dan Identifikasi Fungi Rhizosfer Indigenous Hutan Buttu Puang sebagai Penghasil Fitohormon Auksin Indole-3-Acetic Acid

Hasria Alang — 2026-07-13

The low amount of IAA production by plants causes plants to often obtain IAA from bacteria that live around the roots or rhizosphere. Exploration of IAA bacteria from Buttu Puang, a protected forest area in West Sulawesi, has never been done. One of the typical plants that inhabit Buttu Puang is the dengen plant (Dillenia serrata). The purpose of this study was to screen and identify the ability of rhizosphere fungi from dengen plants in the Buttu Puang protected forest area to produce IAA. The implication of the study is that isolates with the highest activity can be developed as PGRs producing the phytohormone IAA in the future. The research method began by isolating fungi from the rhizosphere soil. Next, the ability to produce IAA was tested by adding the IAA precursor (tryptophan) to the growth medium. After that, the supernatant was then added with Salkowski. A positive test was indicated by the formation of a pink color at the end of incubation. The results of the study showed that 13 isolates of rhizosphere fungi were found from dengen plants in Buttu Puang Forest, namely isolates DG 1.1, DG 1.2, DG 1.3, DG 1.4, DG 2.1, DG 2.2, DG 2.3, DG 2.4, DG 2.5, DG 3.1, DG 3.2, DG 3.3 and DG 3.4. Qualitative and quantitative tests using Salkowski reagent and spectrophotometer measurements at a wavelength of 530 nm showed that only two isolates were able to produce IAA, namely isolate DG 2.1 (104.09 ppm), and isolate DG 2.5 (39.26 ppm). These results indicate significant differences in physiological potential among isolates, which are thought to be related to the physiological characteristics and IAA biosynthesis pathways of each genus. Macroscopic and microscopic identification showed that isolate DG 2.1 was suspected to be a member of the genus Penicillum, while isolate DG 2.5 was suspected to be an Aspergillus. These findings confirm that the phytohormone-producing rhizosphere microorganisms from dengen plants in Buttu Puang Forest have the potential to be developed as plant growth regulators (PGRs) in the future.

Konstruksi Persepsi Negatif Masyarakat terhadap Cacing Kepala Martil (Bipalium kewense) di Permukiman

Elizabeth Novi Kusumaningrum — 2026-07-13

The lack of knowledge and information among the public about the characteristics and behavior of hammerhead worms has raised concerns about the dangers to human health when coming into contact with these worms. The purpose of this study is to analyze the formation of negative public perceptions regarding the hammerhead worm Bipalium kewense based on information circulating in online media, as well as to examine its consistency with scientific facts available in the literature. This study was conducted using a narrative literature review approach focused on analysis. The results indicate that the characteristics of the Bipalium kewense worm, such as its morphology, reproductive biology, predation strategies, locomotive organs, toxin content, behavior, and conservation status, indirectly contribute to the formation of negative public perceptions, particularly in residential areas, regarding the presence of this worm. In fact, all these traits, which reflect the worm’s life mechanisms, are forms of biological adaptation commonly found in various groups of invertebrates to ensure their survival. The public’s lack of understanding regarding the life processes of the hammerhead worm leads to these scientific facts being more readily perceived as something terrifying rather than as a natural biological phenomenon. This situation is further fueled by the dissemination of digital information that tends to emphasize the threat aspect rather than providing a balanced scientific explanation. It is concluded that the low level of biological and ecological literacy among residents in residential areas plays a significant role in the formation of misconceptions regarding the presence of B. kewense, as to date, no scientific evidence has been found to indicate that this worm causes.

Identifikasi Bakteri dan Penentuan Jumlah Koloni pada Masker Sekali Pakai Berdasarkan Lama Waktu Pemakaian

Ni Putu Widayanti — 2026-07-13

Prolonged use of disposable masks can increase bacterial accumulation due to exposure to droplets, aerosols, and respiratory humidity. This study aims to identify the types of bacteria and determine the number of bacterial colonies on disposable masks based on the duration of use by educational laboratory staff at Bali International University. This study used an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach. Samples consisted of 15 disposable masks grouped by duration of use: 3 hours, 6 hours, and 9 hours, with 5 samples each. Examination was carried out through bacterial culture, microbiological identification, and total plate count calculation. The results showed that the number of bacterial colonies increased with increasing duration of mask use. The average total plate count at 3 hours of use was 31.00 ± 9.62 CFU/g, increased to 138.00 ± 33.47 CFU/g at 6 hours, and reached 646.00 ± 122.39 CFU/g at 9 hours. The dominant bacteria found were Bacillus sp. and Staphylococcus sp., with Bacillus sp. dominating across all sample groups. This study concluded that the longer disposable masks were used, the higher the number of bacterial colonies accumulated. Regular mask replacement every 4–6 hours is recommended to maintain hygiene and safety in the laboratory.

Kajian Etnobotani Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Obat untuk Gangguan Pencernaan di Desa Srimulyo, Malang

Niken Ayu Azzahra — 2026-07-13

The purpose of this study was to identify and document the diversity of medicinal plants used by the people of Srimulyo Village, Dampit District, Malang Regency, which is still on the slopes of Mount Semeru. This study used a mixed method with a sequential exploratory design. Qualitative data were obtained through interviews with key informants and additional informants, while quantitative data were obtained through questionnaires to 98 respondents. Informants were selected using purposive sampling and snowball sampling which were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using the Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) index, Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC), Use Value (UV) analyzed from Species Use Value (SUV), Plant Part Use Value (PPUV) and Family Use Value (FUV), as well as Fidelity Level (FL). The results of the study identified 15 plant species from 10 families used to treat digestive disorders, with the dominant family Zingiberaceae (FUV=2.27) and the highest use value in Zingiber officinale (SUV=1.23). Leaves are the most widely used part of the plant (35.14%), generally through boiling. The ethnobotanical index shows a high consensus of use in typhoid fever (ICF=1.00) and constipation (ICF=0.98), with Psidium guajava as the most frequently mentioned species (RFC=0.78). Several species such as Musa sp., Cymbopogon citratus, Colocasia esculenta, Carica papaya, Piper retrofractum, and Strobilanthes crispus show absolute specificity of use (FL=100%). This ethnobotanical data directly contributes to local knowledge conservation efforts while strengthening the biocultural resilience of communities in adapting to the environment on the slopes of Mount Semeru from generation to generation.

Memanggil Arwah Leluhur dalam Legenda Arjowilangun: Kajian Etnobotani Tumbuhan Ritual pada Tradisi Leang-Leong

Syarifatun Nafisah — 2026-07-13

This study aims to document and preserve the local knowledge of the Arjowilangun community, in Malang Regency, East Java, regarding the use of plants in the Leang-Leong tradition. The methodology employed is qualitative descriptive, with data collection techniques including interviews with key informants identified through purposive sampling (traditional leaders), as well as additional informants identified through snowball sampling. Observations were conducted to verify the use of plants in the Leang-Leong ritual, and document analysis was used to support secondary data. Data analysis was carried out in three stages: data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that there are 14 plant species from 11 families utilised in the Leang-Leong tradition. Kembang setaman is the most commonly used plant species. Each plant holds a distinct philosophical meaning, reflecting the rationale for its use in each ritual. The conservation status of most plants is classified as Least Concern, indicating that their populations remain stable, although community conservation efforts have not yet been fully optimised. The utilisation of various plants within this tradition reflects the close relationship between humans and nature.

Validitas Instrumen Soal Berbasis HOTS Berbantuan Quizizz untuk Melatih Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Peserta Didik Kelas X di SMA

Nila Matili — 2026-07-17

Learning in the 21st century demands a paradigm shift in education, including biology learning. The rapid development of technology and information has made society increasingly connected globally in the digital era. 4C skills are crucial to be applied in biology learning, as it not only focuses on learning concepts but also demands analytical skills on natural phenomena and contextual problem solving. This study aims to determine whether the development of HOTS questions using Quizizz can train students' problem-solving skills. The type of research used is ADDIE model development research. This development research procedure applies the ADDIE model, which includes five stages: 1) analyze; 2) design; 3) develop; 4) implement; and 5) evaluate. However, in this study, the process only reached the development stage and was not continued to the next stage, so the final results of the study were limited without field testing or comprehensive evaluation. The subjects of this study were grade X students of SMA Negeri 2 Wonosari. The product developed in this study was HOTS-based questions using Quizizz. The validation process was carried out by two biology lecturers who acted as material and media validators. This validation aimed to assess the feasibility of the developed HOTS quiz product, supported by Quizizz, and to obtain feedback and suggestions. The validation results showed an average score of 81% for question validation and 98% for media validation, both of which fall into the "very valid" category. The use of HOTS quizzes demonstrated an improvement in students' problem-solving abilities. Based on the evaluation results, the average pre-test score for students was 34%, which falls into the low category. After the post-test, the average score increased to 61%, falling into the "high" category.

Research Trends in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Breeding: A Bibliometric Study

Samsul Ma’arif — 2026-07-17

Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is an important horticultural crop with high economic and nutritional value. Climate change, environmental stress, and food security concerns have accelerated research on eggplant breeding worldwide.. However, comprehensive evaluations of research trends in eggplant breeding remain limited. Therefore, this study aimed to perform a bibliometric analysis of global eggplant breeding research published between 2016 and 2026. Data were collected from the Scopus database using the query Title-Abs-Key ((“eggplant” or “aubergine”) and (“plant breeding” or hybridization or cultivar or “hybrid variety”)). The analysis included English-language articles and was conducted using Bibliometrix/Biblioshiny and VOSviewer. A total of 562 documents were analyzed. The results showed that scientific publications increased substantially after 2019, indicating growing global interest in eggplant genetic improvement. China was the most productive country, with 117 publications and 2,124 citations, followed by the United States (35 publications), Spain (35 publications), and India (15 publications). Collaboration analysis demonstrated extensive international partnerships, whereas keyword and thematic analyses revealed dominant topics related to hybridization, disease resistance, stress tolerance, antioxidants, and molecular breeding. Recent studies have increasingly focused on abiotic stress, heterosis, and nutritional quality improvement. This study provides insights into research development and emerging trends in eggplant breeding research.

Analisis Kandungan Timbal (Pb) pada Daun Glodokan Tiang (Polyalthia longifolia) di Kecamatan Medan Johor, Medan

Lutfi Wahyu Ananda — 2026-07-17

High traffic density in urban areas triggers an increase in heavy metal lead (Pb) emissions in the air. This pollution can be assessed using shade plants as bioindicators, such as the mast tree (Polyalthia longifolia). This study used a descriptive quantitative approach aimed at determining the heavy metal lead (Pb) content and its relationship with traffic density in the Medan Johor District. Sampling was conducted at three locations with different traffic densities (AH. Nasution Street, Karya Amal Street, and Eka Suka Street) using a purposive sampling method, with a total of 9 leaf samples from the three observation stations. Leaf samples were analyzed in the laboratory using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results showed that the highest Pb content was found in the location with high traffic density (AH. Nasution Street) at 0.0668 mg/kg, while in locations with medium and low densities, the values were below the detection limit (<0.0017 mg/kg). Pearson correlation analysis indicated a very strong and significant relationship (r = 0.941, p < 0.05) between the number of vehicles and lead content. This means that the higher the traffic density, the higher the Pb accumulation in the leaves. It can be concluded that traffic density significantly affects lead accumulation in mast tree leaves, thus this plant has the potential to be used as an air pollution bioindicator in urban areas.

Struktur Komunitas Makrozoobenthos di Ekosistem Air Tawar Sungai Mencerit, Lombok Timur Berbasis Etnoekologi

Fadila Anggita Putri — 2026-07-17

This study aims to analyze the structure of macrobenthos communities in the freshwater ecosystem of the Mencerit River, East Lombok based on an ethnoecological approach. The study used a quantitative descriptive method with an ethnoecological approach through direct observation and interviews with local communities. Sampling was carried out at four observation stations using a purposive sampling method with three replications at each station. The data collected included the type and number of macrobenthos, water quality parameters, and the results of interviews with the community regarding river conditions and the presence of aquatic fauna. The results showed that 173 macrobenthos individuals were found with a total abundance of 14.42 individuals/m² consisting of 9 species, with the dominant species being Pomacea canaliculata, Radix rubiginosa, and Tarebia granifera. The diversity index (H’) value of 1.98 is classified as moderate, while the dominance index (C) of 0.17 indicates low dominance, so the condition of the river ecosystem is still relatively stable. The EPT value of 2 and the EPT ratio of 13.87 indicate that the water quality is still quite good. The conclusions of this study indicate that the Mencerit River ecosystem is relatively stable with good water quality, supported by the high level of ecological knowledge of the local community in maintaining the sustainability of the aquatic environment through traditional practices.

Menjaga Warisan Pengetahuan Tradisional: Kajian Etnobotani Tumbuhan Obat Keluarga (TOGA) di Desa Sekarpuro Kabupaten Malang

Nabila Aurelia Pramudita — 2026-07-17

Community knowledge about Family Medicinal Plants (TOGA) is an important part of local wisdom that plays a role in maintaining health independently, but has not been optimally documented and shows variations in the level of utilization. This study aims to identify TOGA diversity and analyze its utilization patterns in Sekarpuro Village, Malang Regency. The study used a mixed methods approach with an exploratory sequential design through interviews, observations, documentation, and questionnaires to the community who cultivate and utilize TOGA. Determination of informants and respondents was carried out using purposive sampling and snowball sampling techniques. Data were analyzed qualitatively by referring to the stages of Miles & Huberman, then quantitatively using the ethnobotanical index. The results showed that there were 33 species of medicinal plants from 25 families utilized by the community. The highest Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) value was found in wound diseases (0.90), while Pandanus amaryllifolius had the highest Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) and Species Use Value (SUV) values, namely 0.46 and 0.98, respectively. The Pandanaceae family demonstrated the highest Family Use Value (FUV) of 0.98. Leaves are the most widely utilized plant part, with a Plant Part Use Value (PPUV) of 50.11%. The Fidelity Level (FL) index is used to assess community tendencies in using a particular plant species to treat specific ailments. The use of traditional medicinal plants (TOGA) in Sekarpuro Village reflects the strong role of local knowledge in supporting traditional healing practices and demonstrates the potential for development, particularly in underutilized plants.

Identifikasi Tumbuhan Obat di Kecamatan Gunungsari sebagai Bahan Penyusunan Booklet

Amelia Sapitri — 2026-07-22

Traditional medicinal plants represent a vital component of local wisdom passed down through generations, yet most remain scientifically undocumented. Unlike previous studies on medicinal plant identification that typically concluded at the species inventory stage, this research offers a novel contribution by integrating findings on local medicinal plants into a scientifically validated booklet, thereby enabling its immediate use as an educational resource. This study aimed to identify the medicinal plant species utilized by the community in Gunungsari District, West Lombok Regency, and to assess the validity of the booklet developed based on these findings. An exploratory descriptive method employing both qualitative and quantitative approaches was used. Data were collected from eight villages randomly selected from the sixteen villages in Gunungsari District (Bukit Tinggi, Penimbung, Mekarsari, Jeringo, Ranjok, Kekait, Kekeri, and Taman Sari) through field observations, structured interviews with eight traditional healers (belian) representing each village, and a literature review. The results revealed that the community utilizes 29 species of medicinal plants from various families. The most frequently used plant parts were leaves (48%), followed by rhizomes (28%), flowers (14%), fruits (10%), and stems and roots (3% each). The dominant preparation method was a combination of techniques (62.07%), followed by boiling (34.48%) and pounding (3.45%); the Zingiberaceae family was the most represented group. The developed booklet was deemed highly valid by three validators a subject matter expert, a media expert, and a linguist achieving an average validity score of 88.17%, making it suitable for use as a local wisdom-based educational resource for the community and learners. From a scientific perspective, the results of this study provide baseline ethnobotanical data on medicinal plants in Gunungsari District; these data can serve as a reference for further phytochemical and pharmacological research and as a model for developing educational materials based on local wisdom that can be implemented in other regions.

Tumbuhan dalam Ruang Sakral: Kajian Etnobotani pada Tradisi Siraman Waranggono di Sendang Bektiharjo, Tuban

Aqila Zahrotul Firdausiyah — 2026-07-22

This study aims to examine and document local knowledge regarding the use of plants in the Siraman Waranggono tradition in Sendang Bektiharjo, Tuban, from an ethnobotanical perspective. The research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive approach through interviews, observations, and documentation, with informants selected through purposive and snowball sampling. The results of the study indicate that the Siraman Waranggono tradition utilizes 17 plant species from 16 families, with a predominance of herbaceous (7.41%) and shrubby (6.35%) growth forms. The plant parts used include flowers, leaves, and fruits, which are utilized as ingredients in kembang telon, as ritual accompaniments, as decorations for the waranggono, and as components of offerings or ubarampe. Each plant species carries philosophical meanings related to purity, self-protection, harmony, hope for life, and community well-being. Most plants are obtained from home gardens, traditional markets, and local cultivation with a relatively secure conservation status, indicating the presence of locally-based conservation practices. Thus, this study demonstrates that the Siraman Waranggono tradition functions not only as a cultural practice but also reflects a biocultural knowledge system that integrates cultural and spiritual values, biodiversity conservation, and the community’s ethnobotanical knowledge.

Pengaruh Pembelajaran Ethno-Deep Learning terhadap Literasi Budaya Siswa

Baiq Zulfah Purni Sari Ningrum — 2026-07-22

Enhancing students' cultural literacy is crucial amidst the currents of globalization that are causing shifts in local cultural values. Conventional teaching methods are considered inadequate for meaningfully integrating local culture into the learning process. Therefore, instructional innovation is needed to combine local wisdom with a deep learning approach specifically, through "ethno-deep learning." This study aims to determine the impact of ethno-deep learning on students' cultural literacy. A quasi-experimental method with a post-test-only control group design was employed. The study population consisted of all Grade X students at SMA Islam Al Azhar NW Kayangan, North Lombok Regency, during the 2025/2026 academic year. A saturated sampling technique was used, meaning the entire population served as the sample; this comprised two classes: a treatment group of 20 students and a comparison group of 20 students. Data collection instruments included a cultural literacy questionnaire and an observation sheet to monitor the implementation of instruction. The data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test to determine whether there was a significant difference in cultural literacy between the treatment and comparison groups. The analysis revealed significant differences between the groups across all dimensions of cultural literacy: understanding cultural complexity, knowledge of one's own culture, and cultural concern. This was evidenced by a Mann-Whitney U test significance value of 0.000 (Sig ≤ 0.1), leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis (H0) and the acceptance of the alternative hypothesis (H1). The study concludes that ethno-deep learning significantly influences students' cultural literacy. This approach proved effective in enhancing students' understanding, awareness, and concern regarding culture through a learning process that is contextual, meaningful, and student-centered.

Kajian Etnobotani Wedang Tomboan Varian Abang Berbasis Kearifan Lokal di Situs Patirtaan Ngawonggo, Malang

Mia Andiarini — 2026-07-22

Wedang tomboan variant abang is a traditional spice-based drink that developed at the Patirtaan Ngawonggo site, Tajinan District, Malang Regency as part of a local ethnomedicinal system that has been passed down from generation to generation. This study aims to identify the plant diversity, processing techniques, and nutritional content of wedang tomboan variant abang based on local knowledge of the local community. A qualitative descriptive approach was applied through field observations, in-depth interviews, documentation, and literature review. A total of 5 informants were selected using purposive sampling expanded with snowball sampling, consisting of 1 caretaker, 2 drink makers, and 2 consumers. The research results show that the red variant of Wedang Tomboan is composed of eight types of medicinal plants: lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), ginger (Zingiber officinale), cardamom (Amomum compactum), cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum), sappanwood (Caesalpinia sappan), black cumin (Nigella sativa), cloves (Syzygium aromaticum), and star anise (Illicium verum), which synergistically contain antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial compounds. The preparation process involves boiling the fresh ingredients and steeping them in hot water, accompanied by a prayer ritual and counterclockwise stirring as a spiritual practice. This study confirms that the red variant of Wedang Tomboan represents an ethnobotanical knowledge system that integrates aspects of biodiversity, health, and the local cultural identity of the Ngawonggo people.

The Effect of the Problem Based Learning Model on Students’ Communication Skills and Learning Outcomes in Ecosystem Material

Ayu Andira Hasibuan — 2026-07-22

This study aims to determine the effect of the problem-based learning model on students' communication skills and cognitive learning outcomes regarding the topic of ecosystems at SMA Negeri 1 Kualuh Leidong. A quasi-experimental design specifically a pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group design was employed, involving 72 students from two classes selected via random sampling. The experimental class utilized the problem-based learning model, while the control class underwent conventional instruction. Communication skills were measured using observation sheets, and cognitive learning outcomes were assessed through multiple-choice tests. The results indicate that the experimental class achieved an average communication skill score of 87.67% (categorized as highly skilled), which was significantly higher than the control class's score of 55.44% (categorized as skilled). Cognitive learning outcomes also showed significant improvement; the experimental class achieved an N-gain score of 0.75 (high category), compared to 0.47 (medium category) for the control class. Mann-Whitney U test results indicate that the problem-based learning model significantly influences communication skills, while Independent Sample t-test results show that problem-based learning significantly affects biology learning outcomes regarding the topic of ecosystems. This study demonstrates that problem-based learning is an effective instructional model for developing students' communication skills and enhancing their biology learning outcomes, particularly concerning the ecosystem topic.

Kajian Etnobotani Pangan Fungsional: Menggali Pengetahuan Lokal Masyarakat Arjowilangun untuk Ketahanan Pangan Berkelanjutan

Anis Ferlina Nur Aini — 2026-07-27

This study aims to identify, document, and analyze the quantitative ethnobotanical index of functional food plants in Arjowilangun Village, Malang Regency. The study used a sequential exploratory design method. The qualitative stage was carried out through observation, documentation, and interviews using purposive sampling and snowball sampling techniques, then continued with the quantitative stage using questionnaires to test and strengthen the interview data. Quantitative ethnobotanical analysis was carried out using the Informant Consensus Factor (ICF), Relative Frequency Factor (RFC), Species Use Value (FUV), and Plant Part Use Value (PPUV) indices. The results of the study recorded 21 plant species from 15 families that are used as functional foods with a variety of habitus such as trees, herbs, bushes, and shrubs. The most widely used plant parts are rhizomes, tubers, leaves, fruits, flowers, and stems. Plants are used as food and traditional medicine through various processing techniques, such as boiling, pounding, stir-frying, and making herbal drinks. The ethnobotanical index analysis results showed an ICF of 0.99, indicating a very high level of community agreement regarding the use of functional food plants. Some of the species with the highest utilization rates were turmeric, galangal, ginger, lemongrass, cassava, and bay leaves. The conclusions of this study indicate that the people of Arjowilangun Village possess rich local knowledge regarding the use of functional food plants, with the dominant use of the leaves. There is also a high community consensus regarding the use of certain species that have the potential to support the conservation of biological resources and local food security.

Inventarisasi Tumbuhan Famili Malvaceae di Desa Tabing Rimbah Kecamatan Mandastana Kabupaten Barito Kuala

Muhammad Iqbal Trinajah — 2026-07-27

Floristic inventory is a fundamental step in biodiversity conservation, especially for ecologically and economically valuable families such as Malvaceae. This study aims to document the species richness of Malvaceae in the wetland ecosystem of Tabing Rimbah Village, Barito Kuala Regency. The research method used was an exploratory survey in swamp, forest, and residential habitat types. Sampling was conducted purposively on every individual encountered. Species identification was performed morphologically by matching key characters to standard taxonomic literature such as Flora of China and PROSEA, and cross-validation using the iNaturalist digital platform. The inventory results identified 10 species in 7 genera with varying habitus of herbs, shrubs, and trees. Melochia corchorifolia and Hibiscus tiliaceus were recorded as dominant species widespread along swamp and river banks, indicating strong ecological adaptation to water level fluctuations. These findings provide the first baseline data for the Malvaceae family at the site, confirming its scientific value as documentation of floristic diversity essential for conservation strategies and sustainable management at the local level.

Menggali Jejak Pengetahuan Lokal: Kajian Etnobotani Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Pangan Liar di Desa Seloliman, Mojokerto

Dea Mawar Saharani — 2026-07-27

This study aims to identify and document the diversity of wild plants used as food sources and analyze quantitative ethnobotanical indices based on local knowledge of the Seloliman Village community, Trawas District, Mojokerto Regency. This study used mixed methods with a sequential exploratory design approach. Qualitative data were obtained from observation, documentation, and interviews with purposive sampling techniques for key informants and snowball sampling for additional informants. Quantitative data were obtained through questionnaires to 89 respondents determined by the Slovin formula. Quantitative data analysis used ethnobotanical indices ICF, RFC, SUV, FUV, FL, and PPUV. The results showed that there were 48 species of wild food plants from 32 families with a dominant Asteraceae family. The ICF value of 0.85–0.96 indicated a high homogeneity of local knowledge among informants. The Yeng-yeng plant (Crassocephalum crepidioides) had the highest RFC value (0.67) and the highest SUV (0.66), making it the most culturally important species. The Asteraceae family had the highest FUV value of 0.87. The most widely utilized plant part was the leaves, with a PPUV of 75.39%. This research demonstrates that wild food plants have cultural value and strategic potential in supporting local food security and the ethnobotanical knowledge of the Seloliman community.

Pengaruh Kelembapan Tanah terhadap Kelimpahan Cacing Tanah (Lumbricidae) di Coban Putri

Fany Aura Shabrina — 2026-07-27

Earthworms are important organisms in the soil ecosystem that play a role in improving soil structure and accelerating the decomposition of organic matter. This study aims to analyze the relationship between soil moisture and the abundance of earthworms (Lumbricus sp.) in the Coban Putri area, Batu City. The method used is descriptive quantitative with a field survey approach through a quadratic plot technique in 30 observation plots divided into three locations based on the distance from the waterfall. Soil moisture was measured using a soil moisture meter with an index scale of 1-10, while the abundance of earthworms was calculated based on the number of individuals in each plot measuring 50x50 cm with a depth of 20 cm. The results showed an average soil moisture of 6.2 and an average abundance of earthworms of 3.5 individuals per plot. Locations near the waterfall had the highest humidity (7-8) with 3-6 individuals of worms per plot, while locations far from the waterfall had the lowest humidity (4.5-5.5) with only 1-3 individuals of worms per plot. Spearman's correlation analysis showed an r value of 0.277 with a p value of 0.139, indicating a weak positive relationship between soil moisture and earthworm abundance and not statistically significant. Soil moisture plays a role in supporting earthworm presence, but their abundance is also influenced by other environmental factors, such as soil pH, temperature, and organic matter content.

The Effect of Coconut Water on the Growth of Aloe vera Plants as a Source of Biology Learning

Sandi Laili Magfiroh — 2026-07-27

Contextual biology learning requires locally based learning resources that are easy to apply in research activities. One local resource is coconut water, which contains nutrients and natural growth hormones to support plant growth. This study aims to determine the effect of coconut water on the growth of Aloe vera plants and to identify the optimal concentrations of coconut water for different growth parameters, as a locally based biology learning resource. The method used was a completely randomized experimental design with five coconut water concentration treatments (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%) and five replicates per treatment. The growth parameters observed included the number of leaves, leaf height, and root length over a four-week period. The data were analysed using ANOVA and Duncan's post hoc test at the 5% significance level. The results showed that coconut water significantly affected Aloe vera growth (p < 0,05). The 80% concentration produced the highest number of leaves (5,35 leaves), the 100% concentration produced the highest leaf height (11.50 cm), and the 60% concentration produced the greatest root length (3.95 cm). These findings indicate that different growth parameters responded optimally to different coconut water concentrations. These findings suggest that coconut water can serve as an affordable, locally available resource for biology education, enabling students to conduct experimental investigations into plant growth while developing skills in observation, measurement, data analysis, and scientific reasoning.