Panthera : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Sains dan Terapan

Ekstraksi dan Uji Stabilitas Daun Teh Hijau (Camellia sinensis L.) sebagai Eye Stick Antioksidan

Jessi Eratika Putri Radian — 2026-07-03

The eye area is the part of the face that most quickly shows signs of fatigue which is influenced by various factors. Green Tea Leaves (Camellia sinensis L.) are known as one of the plants that have high antioxidant content. The antioxidant content in green tea leaves can protect the skin from free radicals that can accelerate the appearance of signs of fatigue, including in the eye area. This study aims to develop an innovative cosmetic preparation in the form of an eye stick and determine the formula with variations in the concentration of Green Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) leaf extract that has the best antioxidant activity and good stability of the preparation. This study is an experimental study with two variations of extract concentration, namely 1% and 6%, which are obtained through an extraction process using 96% ethanol. The eye stick preparation was evaluated through organoleptic tests, pH, homogeneity, adhesion, melting point, and stability. Antioxidant activity was tested using the DPPH method with absorbance measurements using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that the green tea leaf eye stick preparation had good stability and antioxidant activity in F2 with an extract concentration of 6%, with an IC50 value of 57.2222 ppm, which is categorized as a strong antioxidant.

Efektifitas Layanan Bimbingan Kelompok untuk Meningkatkan Kepercayaan Diri Siswa melalui Teknik Menulis Ekspresif pada Siswa Kelas X SMA Negeri 2 Samarinda Tahun Ajaran 2025

Niken Novita Dewi — 2026-07-03

This research is motivated by students' low self-confidence, demonstrated by a lack of courage to express opinions, participation in learning, and social interaction in the classroom. Self-confidence is an important aspect of students' personal development, influencing their learning success and adjustment. This study aims to determine the difference in students' self-confidence levels before and after being given group guidance services using expressive writing techniques. This research used an experimental research design with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The sample consisted of 8 students selected using a purposive sampling technique. Based on the pretest and posttest data, the mean score before treatment was 74, which is considered low, and after treatment, it showed an increase with a mean score of 84. The paired t-test analysis obtained a significance value of 0.001 <0.05, indicating a significant difference in students' self-confidence levels before and after being given group guidance services using expressive writing techniques for 7 meetings. Thus, group guidance services using expressive writing techniques have proven effective in increasing the self-confidence of 10th-grade students at SMA Negeri 2 Samarinda.

Analisis Tingkat Kerawanan Seismik Provinsi di Pulau Sumatera Menggunakan Parameter Gutenberg-Richter

Lola Amanda — 2026-07-03

Sumatra Island has complex geological conditions as it is located in a collision zone between the northward-moving Indo-Australian Plate and the relatively stable Eurasian Plate. The interaction of these two plates forms two main tectonic structures: the subduction zone off the western coast of Sumatra and the Sumatra Fault Zone (SFZ). The latter exhibits varying seismic activity that has not yet been clearly mapped. This study aims to assess the level of seismic vulnerability across Sumatra Island by dividing the region into nine zones using the a-value and b-value parameters based on the Gutenberg-Richter relationship. Earthquake data from the USGS and IRIS catalogs for the period 1924-2024 were processed through a declustering procedure and subsequently analyzed using the Maximum Likelihood method with the assistance of ZMAP v6 software. The results show that the a-value across Sumatra ranges from 2.1 to 5.1, while the b-value ranges from 0.545 to 0.868. North Sumatra records the highest a- and b-values, at 3.82 and 0.786, respectively. In contrast, West Sumatra shows the lowest values, with an a-value of 2.9 and a b-value of 0.623. These findings not only reveal variations in seismic activity across Sumatra Island, but also provide a more detailed zonation of seismic hazard based on the Gutenberg-Richter parameters, which can serve as a basis for disaster mitigation planning and the development of earthquake-resistant infrastructure.

Analisis Nilai-nilai Profil Pelajar Pancasila dalam Novel “Tentang Kamu” Karya Tere Liye dan Relevansinya terhadap Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia

Danu Saputra — 2026-07-03

This study aims to describe: 1) the values of the Pancasila Student Profile contained in the novel "Tentang Kamu" by Tere Liye; and 2) the relevance of the values of the Pancasila Student Profile to Indonesian language learning. The type of research used is a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. The research data comes from the novel "Tentang Kamu" by Tere Liye. The data collection technique in this study uses reading and note-taking techniques. The data analysis techniques in this study are data reduction, presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that there are values of the Pancasila Student Profile in the novel "Tentang Kamu". The values of faith, devotion to God Almighty, and noble character, global diversity, mutual cooperation, independence, critical reasoning, and creativity. The results of the study show that the values of the Pancasila Student Profile in the novel "Tentang Kamu" are represented through characterization, plot, conflict, setting, and dialogue between characters. The values of faith and noble character are evident in Sri Ningsih's patient, sincere, and respectful character. Mutual cooperation (gotong royong) is evident through the social relationships between characters who help each other, while independence is reflected in the main character's struggle to survive without relying on others. Critical reasoning emerges in the process of investigating Sri Ningsih's life journey, while creativity is evident in the character's ability to find solutions to various problems. The value of global diversity is reflected in cross-cultural interactions that demonstrate tolerance and respect for differences. These findings are relevant to the Indonesian language learning outcomes for high school students in Phase F of the Independent Curriculum, as they support the strengthening of literacy and character development of students according to the dimensions of the Pancasila Student Profile.

Pengaruh Model Problem Based Learning Berbantuan Media Chemsketch terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Materi Hidrokarbon

Maris Stella Br Purba — 2026-07-03

This study aims to determine whether student learning outcomes taught using the Chemsketch-assisted problem-based learning model are higher than those taught using conventional learning, and to determine student responses to the model and media applied. This study used a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group design. Two classes were selected using purposive sampling: an experimental class using Chemsketch-assisted problem-based learning, and a control class using conventional learning. The results showed an average learning outcome of 86.80 for the experimental class and 68.05 for the control class. The analysis showed that the data were normally distributed and homogeneous. Hypothesis testing revealed a significant difference between the learning outcomes of the two classes, with the class using Chemsketch-assisted problem-based learning achieving higher learning outcomes than the conventional class. Student responses to the model and media application were in the very good category, with a percentage of 82.73%. These findings indicate that Chemsketch-assisted problem-based learning is effective in improving student learning outcomes in hydrocarbon compounds.

Strategi Penerapan Teknik Zigzag sebagai Solusi Terbaik dalam Pengeritingan Rambut Modern

Indah Regina — 2026-07-06

The hair beauty industry continues to develop along with the increasing public demand for an aesthetic, modern appearance, and in line with developing trends. One innovation in the field of hair styling is the zigzag pattern hair curling technique that offers more natural, voluminous, and dynamic curling results compared to conventional techniques. This study aims to analyze the strategy of implementing the zigzag technique as an innovation in modern hair curling through a literature study approach. The research method used is qualitative with a literature review research type. Data were obtained through searching various relevant scientific sources, such as national and international journals, scientific articles, and reference books that discuss modern hair curling techniques, hair styling innovations, and hair health. Literature searches were conducted through Google Scholar, GARUDA, and ScienceDirect using keywords that are appropriate to the research topic. Data analysis was carried out through the stages of data reduction, grouping findings, synthesizing information, and drawing descriptive conclusions. The results of the study indicate that the zigzag technique has advantages in producing a more natural, flexible, and voluminous hair appearance compared to conventional curling techniques. Furthermore, this technique has the potential to increase the durability of curls and minimize the risk of hair damage when applied with proper procedures and the use of appropriate hair protection products. The success of the zigzag technique is influenced by the competence of the hairstylist, the use of adequate tools, the selection of hair care products, and an effective service promotion strategy. Therefore, the zigzag technique can be seen as a relevant innovation in the development of modern salon services and beauty education.

Analisis Gaya Bahasa dalam Acara Stand Up Comedy Season 10 di Kompas TV

Asnayanti Asnayanti — 2026-07-06

This study aims to analyze the forms and functions of figurative language in Stand Up Comedy Indonesia Season 10, as well as their implications for audience reception. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with stylistic and pragmatic perspectives on comedians' humorous utterances sourced from 24 videos on the Kompas TV YouTube channel. The results indicate that there are four main forms of figurative language: comparison, affirmation, opposition, and satire, with satire, particularly irony, dominating. Functionally, figurative language is used to enhance the story's appeal, create humorous effects, build emotional closeness, strengthen the comedian's identity, and convey social criticism, with humor being the most dominant function. These findings indicate that figurative language plays a role not only as an aesthetic element but also as a pragmatic strategy in creating rhetorical effects through deviations in meaning, reversals of expectations, and the conveyance of implicit meanings. Thus, the effectiveness of humor in stand-up comedy is determined by the synergy between stylistic and pragmatic aspects that shape audience responses and interpretations.

Pengaruh Dukungan Keluarga terhadap Keputusan Karir dengan Efikasi Diri sebagai Variabel Moderator pada Siswa SMA Negeri 4 Samarinda

Aulia Natasyah Putri Hamid — 2026-07-06

This study aims to analyze the influence of family support on students' career decisions, with self-efficacy as a moderating variable, in eleventh-grade students at SMA Negeri 4 Samarinda. This study used a quantitative approach with an associative approach. The study population was 384 students, with a sample of 162 students determined through proportional random sampling. Data collection was conducted using a Likert scale instrument covering family support, career decisions, and self-efficacy. Data analysis techniques included descriptive analysis, normality testing, and hypothesis testing using Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) with the help of SPSS. The results showed that family support significantly influenced students' career decisions (p < 0.05). Self-efficacy was shown to act as a significant moderator by strengthening the relationship between family support and career decisions. These findings indicate that students' career decisions are influenced by both external and internal factors simultaneously, with self-efficacy amplifying the influence of family support on the career decision-making process. These results emphasize the importance of strengthening the role of the family and developing self-efficacy in career guidance services in schools.

Pengaruh Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) Berbantuan Media Wordwall terhadap Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran IPA di Kelas VII SMP Negeri 6 Samarinda

Triana Adawiyah — 2026-07-06

This research is motivated by the lack of application of varied learning models, causing low critical thinking skills of students in science learning, so the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model assisted by wordwall is used as a solution. This study aims to determine the effect of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model assisted by wordwall media on critical thinking skills of seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 6 Samarinda. This research is a quantitative study using a quasi-experimental method with a non-equivalent control group design. The research sample consisted of classes VII C (experimental) and VII D (control), each with 21 students. Data analysis was carried out through normality tests, homogeneity tests, independent sample t-tests and N-Gain tests using SPSS version 25 data processing tools. The results showed a significant difference between the two classes (p = 0.001 < 0.05). The average N-Gain of the experimental class was 0.549 (medium category), higher than the control class of 0.281 (low category). These findings indicate that the implementation of problem-based learning assisted by word walls effectively improves students' critical thinking skills in science learning.

Pengembangan E-Modul Terintegrasi Literasi Sains melalui Pendekatan Deep Learning pada Pokok Bahasan Ikatan Kimia

Dina Amelia Tambunan — 2026-07-06

The low level of students' understanding of concepts and scientific literacy in chemical bonding material indicates the need for teaching materials that can facilitate meaningful learning. This study aims to develop an integrated e-module of scientific literacy through a deep learning approach in chemical bonding material, as well as to determine the level of feasibility, improvement in learning outcomes, and student responses to the developed product. The study used the Research and Development (R&D) method with a 4D model that includes define, design, develop, and disseminate. The research subjects consisted of three validators and 36 students of grade X of SMA Negeri 1 Deli Tua, Deli Serdang, North Sumatra. The research instruments were validation sheets, learning outcome tests, and student response questionnaires. The results showed that the e-module obtained a feasibility percentage of 88.93% from material experts, and 89.44% from media experts with a very valid category. The use of the e-module resulted in an increase in learning outcomes with an N-Gain value of 0.72 (high category), and obtained a student response of 83.31% (positive category). Thus, the integrated e-module on scientific literacy through a deep learning approach is suitable for use as a teaching material to support learning about chemical bonds.

Implementasi Buku Ajar Kimia SMA Berbasis Masalah terhadap Peningkatan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa pada Materi Laju Reaksi

Mayzul Fiahzia — 2026-07-09

This study aims to determine the effect of implementing problem-based high school chemistry textbooks on improving students' critical thinking skills on reaction rate material. The research was conducted at MAS Al-Washliyah 26 Tinokkah in the even semester of the 2025/2026 academic year. The sample consisted of 20 students from class XI MIPA 2 as the experimental class and 20 students from class XI MIPA 1 as the control class selected using purposive sampling technique. The research design used was pretest-posttest control group design. The research instruments consisted of a critical thinking skills essay test (5 questions/25 items) that had been validated (r count = 0.901) and a student response questionnaire. The results showed that there was a significant effect of implementing problem-based chemistry textbooks on students' critical thinking skills with a Sig. (2-tailed) value = 0.001 (p < 0.05). The improvement in critical thinking skills in the experimental class was in the high category (N-Gain = 0.87), while the control class was in the medium category (N-Gain = 0.65). Student responses to learning using problem-based textbooks showed positive categories with an average of 96.6% on the understanding indicator and 94.28% on the interest indicator. Thus, the implementation of problem-based high school chemistry textbooks is effective in improving students' critical thinking skills on reaction rate material.

Efektivitas Konseling Kelompok dengan Teknik Restrukturisasi Kognitif dalam Mengurangi Isolasi Sosial pada Siswa Korban Bullying di SMA Tunas Kelapa Samarinda

Apriana Hasriana Putri — 2026-07-09

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)-based group counseling services with cognitive restructuring techniques in reducing the level of social isolation in students who are victims of bullying. This study uses a quantitative approach with a pre-experimental design in the form of a one-group pretest-posttest design. The research subjects were 3 students selected using a purposive sampling technique with the criteria of students being victims of bullying, having a high level of social isolation based on the pretest results, and being willing to participate in the entire series of interventions. The research instrument used a social isolation scale questionnaire in the form of a Likert scale that had been tested for content validity through expert judgment and its reliability using the Cronbach's Alpha coefficient. Measurements were taken before (pretest) and after (posttest) the treatment was given. The intervention was given in the form of CBT-based group counseling with cognitive restructuring techniques implemented in several sessions, including identifying negative thoughts due to bullying, cognitive restructuring to replace irrational thoughts with more adaptive ones, and social skills training to improve student interaction. Data were analyzed using a paired sample t-test with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed a difference in social isolation scores between the pretest and posttest, with a significance value of 0.003 (<0.05). The average pretest score of 182.00 (very high) decreased to 108.33 in the posttest (moderate). Therefore, CBT-based group counseling services with cognitive restructuring techniques statistically demonstrated a decrease in social isolation levels in the study subjects.

Perbedaan Bimbingan Kelompok Teknik Symbolic Model dengan Bimbingan Kelompok Konvensional dalam Peningkatan Efikasi Diri Santriwati

Nahdlatien Habibatil Mubarakah — 2026-07-09

This study aims to determine the differences between group guidance services with symbolic model techniques and conventional group guidance services in improving the self-efficacy of female students at Ibnu Hasan Islamic Boarding School in Samarinda. This study uses a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental method with a non-equivalent control group design. The research subjects were 8 female students who were included in the low self-efficacy category based on the self-efficacy scale. They were divided into two groups, namely the experimental group and the control group, each consisting of 4 people. Data collection techniques used a self-efficacy scale, observation, and interviews. The results of the study showed that there was a significant difference in the level of self-efficacy between the experimental group and the control group after being given treatment based on the results of the independent samples t-test, with a sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.001 (p <0.05). The average posttest score of the experimental group was 99.8, higher than the control group of 81.0. Therefore, this study concludes that there is a significant difference between group guidance using the symbolic model and conventional group guidance in improving the self-efficacy of female students. This approach can be an alternative service for guidance and counseling teachers in schools to address low self-efficacy in female students.

Adaptasi Burung Papua Vogelkop Superb Bird-of-Paradise dan Mambruk Victoria sebagai Sumber Ide Tata Rias Fantasi

Khofifah Alaviyah — 2026-07-09

Indonesia's biodiversity, particularly endemic birds from Papua, possesses high aesthetic potential as a source of inspiration in the development of artistic works, including fantasy makeup. This study aims to develop a fantasy makeup design based on the visual adaptation of the Vogelkop Superb Bird-of-Paradise and the Mambruk Victoria. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model, which consists of the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The product developed was a fantasy makeup design that adapted the birds’ visual characteristics, including colors, textures, crown shapes, and feather patterns into facial makeup, body painting, headpieces, and costumes. The results showed that the product achieved a very good quality level with a percentage score of 93.68%. The instrument validity obtained an Aiken’s V value of 0.86, while the reliability test showed a Cronbach’s Alpha value of 0.988, indicating that the instrument was highly valid and reliable. This study demonstrates that visual adaptation of fauna can serve as an effective source of inspiration in developing innovative, aesthetic, and locally inspired fantasy makeup designs.

Penerapan Konseling Kelompok dengan Teknik Self Management untuk Mengurangi Kecanduan Media Sosial Siswa Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Bontang

Ulkia Ilmi — 2026-07-09

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of group counseling with self-management techniques in reducing social media addiction in students of SMP Negeri 1 Bontang. The experimental design used in this study was a one-group pretest-posttest. The treatment was carried out in accordance with group counseling with self-management techniques which consists of four stages, namely self-monitoring, self-commitment (self-contracting), self-evaluation, and reinforcement, elimination, or punishment (self-reward). The study population was 34 students, with a sample of 6 students who had a high level of social media addiction. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Indicators used to measure the level of social media addiction of students included virtual tolerance, virtual communication, virtual problems, and virtual information. The results showed that the average score of social media addiction decreased from 107 (high category) at the pretest to 46.3 (low category) at the posttest. All research subjects experienced a consistent decrease in scores after participating in the counseling series. The results of the paired sample t-test confirmed these findings with a significance value of 0.001 (p < 0.05), indicating a statistically significant difference between social media addiction scores before and after treatment. Overall, it can be concluded that group counseling with self-management techniques can be applied to reduce students' social media addiction.

Efektivitas Bimbingan Klasikal dengan Media Film Pendek untuk Meningkatkan Empati Siswa di SMP Negeri 21 Samarinda

Firyal Adilah Syadza — 2026-07-11

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of classical guidance services using short film media in increasing students' empathy at SMP Negeri 21 Samarinda. This study uses a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design through a non-randomized control group pretest-posttest design. The research sample was determined using a purposive sampling technique involving eighth-grade students of SMP Negeri 21 Samarinda who were divided into an experimental group and a control group. Data were collected using a Likert-style empathy scale that measures aspects of perspective taking, empathic concern, personal distress, and fantasy. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS 27 through normality tests, homogeneity tests, paired sample t-tests, and independent sample t-tests. The results showed that there was an increase in the level of empathy in the experimental group after receiving classical guidance services with short film media. The calculation of the N-Gain score in the experimental group was 60.5% which was included in the fairly effective category. The results of statistical tests showed a significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores in the experimental group, as well as differences in results between the experimental group and the control group. Thus, classical guidance services using short films are effective in increasing student empathy at SMP Negeri 21 Samarinda.

Penggunaan Model Pembelajaran Discovery Learning Berbantuan Media PhET Simulation untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Materi Asam Basa

Cilin L Sutiono — 2026-07-11

This study aims to analyze the effect of discovery learning model assisted by PhET simulation media on students' motivation and learning outcomes in acid-base material, and to determine the correlation between the two variables. The study used a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental type and a pretest–posttest control group design. The study sample consisted of two grades of eleventh grade at SMA Negeri 1 Percut Sei Tuan which were selected randomly, namely the experimental class and the control class. The research instruments were a learning outcome test and a learning motivation questionnaire. The results showed that the increase in students' learning motivation in the experimental class was in the high category (N-Gain = 0.78), while the control class was in the medium category (N-Gain = 0.48). The increase in students' learning outcomes in the experimental class was also higher (N-Gain = 0.79) than the control class (N-Gain = 0.54). The results of the hypothesis test showed that there was a significant difference in motivation and learning outcomes between the experimental class and the control class (sig. <0.05). In addition, there was a positive and significant correlation between learning motivation and learning outcomes with a correlation coefficient of 0.577 which was included in the medium category. Based on the research results, the discovery learning model assisted by PhET simulation significantly improved student motivation and learning outcomes in acid-base topics.

Analisis Keanekaragaman Tumbuhan Famili Araceae di Taman Wisata Alam Suranadi, Lombok Barat

Sri Wahyuni Budi Lestari — 2026-07-11

The Araceae family (taro) is a group of understory plants that have high diversity and play an important role ecologically and economically, but some of its species are still less well known by the public. This study aims to identify the types of plants of the Araceae family and analyze their diversity levels in the Suranadi Nature Tourism Park (TWA). The study used a descriptive exploratory method with a quadrat transect technique at three observation stations. Each station consisted of two plots measuring 5 × 5 m, resulting in six observation plots. The results of the study found 11 species of Araceae belonging to 8 genera with a total of 118 individuals. The genus with the largest number of species is Syngonium (3 species), followed by Dieffenbachia (2 species), while the other genera each consist of 1 species. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index value ranged from 0.772–1.491 with a low to moderate category. Environmental conditions of 26–28°C, 55–75% humidity, and a soil pH of 5.5–6.0 indicate that the Suranadi Natural Park (TWA) offers suitable habitat conditions for the growth of Araceae. The results of this study indicate that the Suranadi Natural Park has a relatively high diversity of Araceae and can serve as a source of information for conservation, education, and area management.

Model Discovery Learning Berbantuan Media Video Edukasi dan Dampaknya terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Matematis

Septiana Septiana — 2026-07-11

This study aims to determine the effect of discovery learning model assisted by educational videos on students' mathematical creative thinking skills. This study uses a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental type and a pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design. The study was conducted at SMPN 13 Mataram on grade VII students in the 2025/2026 academic year. The research sample consisted of 84 students consisting of 42 students of grade VII D as the experimental class and 42 students of grade VII F as the control class. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. Data collection techniques were carried out through mathematical creative thinking ability tests and interviews. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, Levene's homogeneity test, and independent sample t-test. The results showed that the average pre-test score of the experimental class was 47.31, increasing to 83.31 in the post-test, while the average pre-test score of the control class was 34.71, increasing to 70.57 in the post-test. The results of the hypothesis test on the post-test scores of the experimental and control classes showed a significance value of 0.000 <0.05, thus H₀ was rejected and H₁ was accepted. This indicates a significant difference between the mathematical creative thinking abilities of students who learned using the discovery learning model assisted by educational videos and those who learned using conventional learning. Thus, the discovery learning model assisted by educational videos significantly influenced the mathematical creative thinking abilities of seventh-grade students at SMPN 13 Mataram.

Tingkat Kondisi Fisik Pemain Futsal Putra di MA Negeri 1 Mataram Tahun 2026

Muhammad Bakhtiar Misbah — 2026-07-11

Physical condition is a key factor determining futsal players' performance, as matches are played at high intensity and demand optimal aerobic and anaerobic capabilities. However, the physical condition profiles of school-level futsal athletes are rarely comprehensively evaluated to serve as a basis for training program design. This study aims to describe the physical condition levels of male futsal players at MAN 1 Mataram. A quantitative approach with a descriptive design was employed. The sample consisted of 16 players selected using total sampling. Data collection involved the Multistage Fitness Test (MFT) to measure VO₂Max, a 30-meter sprint test, the Illinois agility test, a 60-second push-up test, and a vertical jump test. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics specifically mean values and percentages based on the norms for each test instrument. The results showed that leg muscle explosive power averaged 51.56 cm (predominantly "good" category), sprint speed averaged 4.15 seconds ("good" category), agility averaged 17.14 seconds ("fair" category), and upper-body muscle strength averaged 31.56 repetitions. Meanwhile, the mean VO₂Max was 40.87 ± 3.37 ml/kg/min, with the majority of players (68.8%) falling into the "poor" category. These findings indicate that while the players possess adequate anaerobic performance capabilities to support explosive actions, they lack the aerobic capacity necessary to sustain match intensity throughout the game. Consequently, these results can serve as a foundation for developing a more targeted physical training program that emphasizes improving aerobic endurance through structured training, without neglecting the development of other physical fitness components.

Identifikasi Jenis Makroalga di Pantai Pandanan Kabupaten Lombok Utara

Sucika Armiani — 2026-07-11

Besides being a tourist destination, Pandanan Beach has considerable marine potential. One of the marine potentials that is still minimally utilized in this location but has strategic value is macroalgae. This study aims to identify the types of macroalgae found in Pandanan Beach, North Lombok Regency. The type of research used is descriptive research that describes the types of macroalgae around Pandanan Beach. Determination of the research location used a purposive sampling method at 3 stations with a distance between stations of 10 meters. Sampling was carried out using a 1 m × 1 m quadrant, while the distance between the quadrants was determined using a 100 meter line transect. Samples obtained along the transect were then put into plastic bags and given a 75% alcohol solution for further identification. The identification results showed that there were 16 types of macroalgae in Pandanan Beach. These species fall into three divisions: Chlorophyta (6 species) (Chaetomorpha crassa, Halimeda macroloba, Halimeda monile, Boergesenia forbesii, Dictyosphaeria versluysii, and Ulva intestinalis), Phaeophyta (5 species) (Padina australis, Turbinaria decurrens, Sargassum polycystum, Hydroclathrus sp., and Dictyota sp.), and Rhodophyta (5 species) (Eucheuma sp., Gracilaria verrucosa, Galaxaura arborea, Laurencia papillosa, and Gelidium spinosum).