Dampak Pengembangan Jagung terhadap Mutu Lingkungan pada Agroekosistem Lahan Kering: Systematic Literature Review

Gunawan Gunawan; Wahyu Astiko; Farid Hemon

doi:10.36312/panthera.v6i4.1580

Authors

Gunawan Gunawan Program Studi Doktor Pertanian Berkelanjutan, Pascasarjana, Universitas Mataram, Jalan Majapahit Nomor 62, Mataram, Nusa Tenggara Barat 83115, Indonesia
Wahyu Astiko Program Studi Doktor Pertanian Berkelanjutan, Pascasarjana, Universitas Mataram, Jalan Majapahit Nomor 62, Mataram, Nusa Tenggara Barat 83115, Indonesia
Farid Hemon Program Studi Doktor Pertanian Berkelanjutan, Pascasarjana, Universitas Mataram, Jalan Majapahit Nomor 62, Mataram, Nusa Tenggara Barat 83115, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36312/panthera.v6i4.1580

Keywords:

Agroecosystem, Maize, Dryland, Environmental Quality, Sustainable Agriculture, Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

Maize development in dryland agroecosystems is a crucial strategy for increasing food production and supporting national food security. However, the intensification of maize cultivation has the potential to degrade environmental quality, particularly in drylands that are highly susceptible to degradation. This study aims to analyze and synthesize scientific evidence regarding the impacts of maize development on environmental quality in dryland agroecosystems and to identify management practices that promote sustainability. The study employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) methodology, following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, through stages of identification, screening, eligibility assessment, and article inclusion. Literature searches were conducted via Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Springer, Google Scholar, and Dimensions. The articles considered were original, peer-reviewed research papers in either Indonesian or English published between 2016 and 2026, which utilized experimental, observational, or modeling research designs relevant to the impacts of maize cultivation on environmental quality. Based on the PRISMA flow diagram, 200 articles were identified, 165 were screened, and 35 met the inclusion criteria for analysis. The synthesis indicates that intensive maize cultivation systems especially those involving excessive tillage and the uncontrolled use of agricultural inputs can lead to reduced soil quality, increased erosion and nutrient loss, compromised water quality and biodiversity, and higher greenhouse gas emissions, particularly nitrous oxide (N₂O). Conversely, the adoption of minimum tillage, mulching, crop rotation, cover cropping, agroforestry, and the use of biochar has the potential to improve soil function, mitigate land degradation, and enhance carbon sequestration. The novelty of this research lies in its integrated synthesis of various dimensions of environmental quality affected by maize development in drylands, alongside conservative management alternatives. These findings underscore the need to integrate productivity enhancement with natural resource conservation as a foundation for managing dryland agroecosystems and formulating sustainable agricultural policies.

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