Kejahatan Berbahasa Siber pada Meme di Media Sosial : Kajian Linguistik Forensik

Yuniar Andini Safitri; Mahsun Mahsun; Ahmad Sirulhaq

doi:10.36312/panthera.v6i1.824

Authors

Yuniar Andini Safitri Program Studi Magister Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Mataram, Jalan Majapahit Nomor 62, Mataram, Nusa Tenggara Barat 83125, Indonesia
Mahsun Mahsun Program Studi Magister Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Mataram, Jalan Majapahit Nomor 62, Mataram, Nusa Tenggara Barat 83125, Indonesia
Ahmad Sirulhaq Program Studi Magister Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Mataram, Jalan Majapahit Nomor 62, Mataram, Nusa Tenggara Barat 83125, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36312/panthera.v6i1.824

Keywords:

Discourse Analysis, Cybercrime, Forensic Linguistics, Memes, ITE Law

Abstract

Technological developments have given birth to memes as a popular form of communication on social media. In addition to their entertainment function, memes often contain hate speech, insults, slander, and provocation that have the potential to violate the law and are classified as cybercrimes. This study aims to analyze the linguistic structure, meaning, and implied context in digital memes that have the potential to be criminal. The study uses a qualitative method with a forensic linguistic approach and critical discourse analysis. The research objects are memes circulating on social media in the period 2024-2025, selected based on indications of hate speech, defamation, or provocation according to the provisions of the ITE Law and the Criminal Code. The results show that memes often utilize linguistic ambiguity, irony, sarcasm, and metaphors to disguise the intent of insults or hatred that can trigger social conflict and legal consequences. Social cognitive analysis reveals the relationship between discourse structure, ideology, and power relations in digital society. In addition, syntactic-semantic-pragmatic analysis is able to reveal the spectrum of linguistic aggression in the digital space. This research provides a theoretical contribution to the development of forensic linguistics, as well as practical benefits for increasing digital literacy and legal awareness in the cyber era.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abdullah, M., Djou, D. N., & Kau, M. U. (2025). Ujaran Kebencian Netizen Pendukung Anies terhadap Prabowo di Media Sosial X Kajian Pragmatik Linguistik Forensik: Penelitian. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat dan Riset Pendidikan, 4(1), 2675-2684. https://doi.org/10.31004/jerkin.v4i1.1687

Arikunto, S. (2010). Prosedur Penelitian: Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. Jakarta: PT. Rineka Cipta.

Askurny, N. R., Syihabuddin, S., & Saragih, A. (2024). Forensic Linguistics: Deception and Defamation of Digital Discourse. In The Kyoto Conference on Arts, Media & Culture (pp. 625-638). Kyoto, Japan: The International Academic Forum.

Butar-Butar, C. (2025). Linguistik Forensik: Bahasa pada Pusaran Hukum. Medan: UMSU Press.

Coulthard, M., Johnson, A., & Wright, D. (2016). An Introduction to Forensic Linguistics: Language in Evidence. New York: Routledge.

Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (4th Ed.). California: Sage Publications.

Enarsson, T. (2025). The Disinformation Dilemma: Moderating Political Satire Under the DSA in Light of the European Convention on Human Rights. European Journal of Risk Regulation, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1017/err.2025.10062

Kress, G., & van Leeuwen, T. (2021). Reading Images: The Grammar of Visual Design (3rd Ed.). New York: Routledge.

Lubis, S. I., Harahap, Y. M., Rahmawati, W. T., & Febiola, C. (2022). Hate Speech in Indonesia: A Forensic Linguistics Review. Excellence : Journal of English and English Education, 3(1), 32-37. https://doi.org/10.47662/ejeee.v3i1.615

Mahsun, M. (2018). Metode Penelitian Bahasa. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers.

Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook (3rd Ed.). California: Sage Publications.

Milner, R. M. (2018). The World Made Meme: Public Conversations and Participatory Media. Cambridge: MIT Press.

Muhammed-Hassan, K. S., Adam, K. I., & Ogedengbe, J. A. (2024). Defamation and Skit Making in Nigeria: Navigating Legal Boundaries and Creative Expression. Fountain University Law Journal (FULAJ), 1(2), 190-199. https://doi.org/10.53704/fulaj.v1i2.558

Ramdhan, M. (2021). Metodologi Penelitian. Bandung: CV. Media Sains Indonesia.

Sari, R. P., Anwar, M., & Hakim, M. K. b. A. (2025). Investigating Hate Speech Comments: A Forensic Linguistic Study. Austronesian : Journal of Language Science & Literature, 4(1), 47-64. https://doi.org/10.59011/austronesian.4.1.2025.47-64

Sinpeng, A., Martin, F., Gelber, K., & Shields, K. (2021). Facebook: Regulating Hate Speech in the Asia Pacific. Sydney: Department Media and Communications, The University of Sydney, and The School of Political Science and International Studies, The University of Queensland.

Solan, L. M., & Tiersma, P. M. (2019). Speaking of Crime: The Language of Criminal Justice. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Subyantoro, S. (2019). Linguistik Forensik: Sumbangsih Kajian Bahasa dalam Penegakan Hukum. Adil Indonesia Journal : Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Hukum, 1(1) 36-50. https://doi.org/10.35473/aij.v1i1.141

Sudaryanto, S. (1993). Metode dan Aneka Teknik Analisis Bahasa: Pengantar Penelitian Wahana Kebudayaan secara Linguistis. Yogyakarta: Duta Wacana University Press.

Sugiarto, S., & Qurratulaini, R. (2020). Potensi Kriminal Cyber Crime pada Meme: Sebuah Kajian Linguistik Forensik. Deiksis : Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, 7(1), 46-57. https://doi.org/10.33603/deiksis.v7i1.2495

Suwendra, I. W. (2018). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif dalam Ilmu Sosial, Pendidikan, Kebudayaan dan Keagamaan. Badung: Nilacakra.

Thaba, A., & Ananda, R. (2022). Ujaran Kebencian Netizen Indonesia pada Akun Twitter @es_teh: Tinjauan Linguistik Forensik. Semantik, 13(1), 15-28. https://doi.org/10.22460/semantik.v13i1.p15-28

Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik. 2008. Jakarta: Pemerintah Republik Indonesia.

Wang, S. (2024). The Power of Images: How Multimodal Hate Speech Shapes Prejudice and Prosocial Behavioral Intentions. Social Media Society, 10(4), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051241292990

Watts, R. (2019). Linguistic Politeness and Politic Verbal Behaviour: Reconsidering Claims for Universality. In R. Watts, S. Ide & K. Ehlich (1992) Politeness in Language: Studies in its History, Theory and Practice (pp. 43-70). Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton.

Wiggins, B. E. (2019). The Discursive Power of Memes in Digital Culture. New York: Routledge.