Profil Fitokimia, Aktivitas Antioksidan, serta Potensi Terapeutik Famili Zingiberaceae dan Spesies Tinospora crispa: Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis

Yoselyn Yolanda; Elizabeth Novi Kusumaningrum

doi:10.36312/biocaster.v6i4.1595

Authors

Yoselyn Yolanda Program Studi Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Terbuka, Jalan Cabe Raya, Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15437, Indonesia
Elizabeth Novi Kusumaningrum Program Studi Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Terbuka, Jalan Cabe Raya, Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15437, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36312/biocaster.v6i4.1595

Keywords:

Antioxidant, DPPH IC₅₀, Phytochemistry, Tinospora crispa, Zingiberaceae

Abstract

Oxidative stress is a primary pathogenic mechanism underlying various degenerative diseases, including atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and neurodegenerative disorders. Although Indonesia possesses a vast wealth of medicinal plants, standardized cross-species comparative studies remain very limited. This study aims to compare the phytochemical profiles and antioxidant activities of six Indonesian medicinal plant species Zingiber officinale, Curcuma longa, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Alpinia galanga, Kaempferia galanga, and Tinospora crispa based on three measurable parameters: DPPH IC₅₀, Total Phenolic Content (TPC), and Total Flavonoid Content (TFC). A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 protocol. Literature searches were performed across five databases: Scopus, PubMed, SINTA, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. Data were extracted, units were harmonized, and analyses were performed using species-specific IC₅₀ values and Pearson correlation between TPC and IC₅₀. The results indicate that Curcuma longa exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ = 27.2 µg/mL; TPC = 45.6 mg GAE/g; TFC = 23.8 mg QE/g), followed by Zingiber officinale (IC₅₀ = 51.41 µg/mL), Curcuma xanthorrhiza (IC₅₀ = 87.01 µg/mL), Alpinia galanga, and Kaempferia galanga. Tinospora crispa displayed a distinct profile dominated by alkaloids (berberine, palmatine, columbamine) and terpenoids (tinocrisposide, borapetoside) rather than phenolic compounds. A strong negative correlation between TPC and IC₅₀ was confirmed (r = -0.92; p < 0.01), and variations in extraction methods were closely linked to the efficiency of bioactive compound recovery. This study underscores the importance of methodological harmonization as a prerequisite for valid interspecies comparisons, contributes conceptually to the development of a standardized evaluation framework for the antioxidant activity of Indonesian medicinal plants, and recommends repositioning the pharmacological evaluation of Tinospora crispa beyond the phenolic framework.

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