Studi Literatur: Inventarisasi Jenis Tumbuhan Air sebagai Bioindikator Kualitas Air Sungai
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36312/biocaster.v5i3.571Keywords:
Bioindicators, River Water Quality, Aquatic PlantsAbstract
River water pollution due to domestic, industrial, and agricultural waste poses a serious threat to aquatic ecosystems and human health. One environmentally friendly approach to monitoring water quality is through the use of aquatic plants as bioindicators. This study aims to inventory the types of aquatic plants that have the potential to be bioindicators of river water quality based on their sensitivity to pollutants and their relationship to water quality. This study was conducted through a literature study by analyzing articles from the Google Scholar, DOAJ, and GARUDA databases, published between 2015-2025, totaling 52 relevant articles regarding aquatic plants as bioindicators of river water quality. Using a qualitative content analysis and descriptive synthesis approach. The results of the analysis indicate that 12 species of aquatic plants have the potential to be bioindicators of river water quality. Some prominent species include: Cyperus papyrus, Echinodorus palaefolius, Eichhornia crassipes, Hydrilla verticillata, Ipomoea aquatica, Lemna minor, Limnocharis flava, Microsorum pteropus, Nymphaea sp., Pistia stratiotes, Salvinia molesta, and Typha angustifolia. Based on their sensitivity to pollution, aquatic plants can be grouped into Eichhornia crassipes and Ipomoea aquatica (highly sensitive), Pistia stratiotes and Salvinia molesta (sensitive), Nymphaea sp. and Limnocharis flava, Lemna minor, and Cyperus papyrus (pollution-tolerant), and Hydrilla verticillata and Microsorum pteropus (highly adaptable). This research can provide an alternative for assessing water quality through aquatic plants and increase public knowledge about aquatic plant species as bioindicators.
Downloads
References
Astuti, L. P., & Indriatmoko, I. (2018). Kemampuan Beberapa Tumbuhan Air dalam Menurunkan Pencemaran Bahan Organik dan Fosfat untuk Memperbaiki Kualitas Air. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan, 19(2), 182-190. https://doi.org/10.29122/jtl.v19i2.2063
Aulya, N. R., Ristanto, R. H., Nurazizah, M., Febryaningrum, S., Muthiah, A., & Fauziyah, F. (2025). Effectiveness of Pistia stratiotes and Salvinia molesta as Phytoremediation Agents for Ciliwung River Waste. Spizaetus: Jurnal Biologi dan Pendidikan Biologi, 6(1), 68-77. https://doi.org/10.55241/spibio.v6i1.484
Bahute, F. O., Nakoe, M. R., & Jusuf, H. (2024). Tanaman Genjer (Limnocharis flava) sebagai Agen Penyerap Logam Berat Mangan (Mn) dari Limbah Cair Industri Tahu. Jurnal Kolaboratif Sains, 7(6), 2228-2238. https://doi.org/10.56338/jks.v7i6.5499
Dewi, N. (2015). Uji Antagonis Bakteri Rizosfer Pisang terhadap Cendawan Patogen Rhizoctonia solani. Skripsi. Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar.
Dewi, U. S., Santoso, S., & Proklamasiningsih, E. (2022). Fitoremediasi Menggunakan Kayu Apu (Pistia stratiotes) untuk Menurunkan Kadar COD Limbah Cair Tekstil. Bioeksakta: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Unsoed, 3(2), 78-83. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.bioe.2021.3.2.4375
Duman, F., Urey, E., & Koca, F. D. (2015). Temporal Variation of Heavy Metal Accumulation and Translocation Characteristics of Narrow-leaved Cattail (Typha angustifolia L.). Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(22), 17886-17896. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4979-4
Hanafiah, M. M., Zainuddin, M. F., Nizam, N. U. M., Halim, A. A., & Rasool, A. (2020). Phytoremediation of Aluminum and Iron from Industrial Wastewater Using Ipomoea aquatica and Centella asiatica. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 10(9), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10093064
Hidayah, W. N., Ilham, M., & Irawanto, R. (2020). Re-inventarisasi Keanekaragaman Tanaman Air dan Persebarannya di Kebun Raya Purwodadi-LIPI. In Prosiding SNPBS (Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Biologi dan Saintek) (209-217). Surakarta, Indonesia: Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Imron, M. F., Ananta, A. R., Ramadhani, I. S., Kurniawan, S. B., & Abdullah, S. R. S. (2021). Potential of Lemna minor for Removal of Methylene Blue in Aqueous Solution: Kinetics, Adsorption Mechanism, and Degradation Pathway. Environmental Technology and Innovation, 24(101921), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2021.101921
Inayah, U. R., Suyitno, S., & Siringoringo, M. (2021). Upaya Pencegahan Pencemaran Air Sungai Mahakam melalui Pemodelan Geographically Weighted Logistic Regression pada Data BOD. Jurnal Eksponensia, 12(1), 17-26. https://doi.org/10.30872/eksponensial.v12i1.755
Irawanto, R., & Munandar, A. A. (2017). Kemampuan Tumbuhan Akuatik Lemna minor dan Ceratophyllum demersum sebagai Fitoremediator Logam Berat (Pb). Pros. Semnas Masy. Biodiv. Indon., 3(3), 446-452. https://doi.org/10.13057/psnmbi/m030325
Irwanto, R., & Barorah, F. (2017). Kemampuan Tumbuhan Akuatik Salvinia molesta dan Pistia stratiotes sebagai Fitoremediator Logam Berat Tembaga. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Masyarakat Biodiversitas Indonesia, 3(3), 138-145. https://doi.org/10.13057/PSNMBI/M030324
Kasman, M., Riyanti, A., Sy, S., & Ridwan, M. (2018). Reduksi Pencemar Limbah Cair Industri Tahu dengan Tumbuhan Melati Air (Echinodorus palaefolius) dalam Sistem Kombinasi Constructed Wetland dan Filtrasi. Indonesian Journal of Industrial Research, 8(1), 39-46. https://doi.org/10.24960/jli.v8i1.3832
Khaer, A., & Nursyafitri, E. (2019). Kemampuan Metode Kombinasi Filtrasi Fitoremediasi Tanaman Teratai dan Eceng Gondok dalam Menurunkan Kadar BOD dan COD Air Limbah Industri Tahu. Sulolipu: Media Komunikasi Sivitas Akademika dan Masyarakat, 17(2), 11-17. https://doi.org/10.32382/sulolipu.v17i2.79
Laili, R. (2016). Penentuan Kadar Logam Timbal dalam Kangkung Secara Spektroskopi Serapan Atom dengan Variasi Metode Destruksi Basah dan Zat Pengoksidasi. Skripsi. Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang.
Lee, G., Suonan, Z., Kim, S. H., Hwang, D. W., & Lee, K. S. (2019). Heavy Metal Accumulation and Phytoremediation Potential by Transplants of the Seagrass Zostera marina in the Polluted Bay Systems. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 149(110509), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110509
Leka, E. S. K., & Nasution, R. K. (2024). Metode Fitoremediasi dalam Pengelolaan Air Asam Tambang Batubara (Fe dan Mn) Berdasarkan Literatur Review. Chemviro: Jurnal Kimia dan Ilmu Lingkungan, 2(1), 90-97. https://doi.org/10.56071/chemviro.v2i1.809
Mahendra, M. B. S. P., & Amalia, A. (2025). Pengolahan Air Lindi TPA Jabon Griya Mulyo Sidoarjo dengan Metode Constructed Wetland untuk Menyisihkan Parameter COD. Directory of Serambi Engineering Journals, 10(1), 11813-11818. https://doi.org/10.31284/j.jts.2021.v2i2.2161
Malar, S., Vikram, S. S., Favas, P. J. C., & Perumal, V. (2016). Lead Heavy Metal Toxicity Induced Changes on Growth and Antioxidative Enzymes Level in Water Hyacinths [Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.)]. Botanical Studies, 55(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40529-014-0054-6
Mardhia, D., & Abdullah, V. (2018). Studi Analisis Kualitas Air Sungai Brangbiji Sumbawa Besar. Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 18(2), 182-189. https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v18i2.86
Marrugo-Negrete, J., Enamorado-Montes, G., Durango-Hernández, J., Pinedo-Hernández, J., & Díez, S. (2017). Removal of Mercury from Gold Mine Effluents Using Limnocharis flava in Constructed Wetlands. Chemosphere, 167, 188-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.130
Mazumdar, K., & Das, S. (2021). Phytoremediation of Soil Treated with Metalliferous Leachate from an Abandoned Industrial Site by Alternanthera sessilis and Ipomoea aquatica: Metal Extraction and Biochemical Responses. Ecological Engineering, 170, 106349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2021.106349
Melanie, A., & Fairus, S. (2024). Efektivitas Tanaman Pakis Lidah Kolam dan Melati Air dalam Menurunkan Parameter BOD dan COD pada Air Limbah Laundry. Jurnal Reka Lingkungan, 12(3), 211-225. https://doi.org/10.26760/rekalingkungan.v12i3.211-225
Najah, A. F. (2022). Fitoremediasi oleh Tanaman Kayu Apu (Pistia stratiotes) dan Eceng Gondok (Eichhornia crassipes) pada Air Sungai Tercemar Limbah Cair Industri Tahu. Skripsi. Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
Norhidayah, N., Sofarini, D., & Yunandar, Y. (2016). Fitoremediasi Tumbuhan Air Kiambang (Salvinia molesta) Purun Tikus (Eleocharis dulcis) dan Perupuk (Phragmites karka) sebagai Alternatif Pengolahan Limbah Karet. EnviroScienteae, 10(1), 18-26. https://doi.org/10.37058/bioed.v8i2.10100
Novita, E., Hermawan, A. A. G., & Wahyuningsih, S. (2019). Komparasi Proses Fitoremediasi Limbah Cair Pembuatan Tempe Menggunakan Tiga Jenis Tanaman Air. Jurnal Agroteknologi, 13(01), 16-24. https://doi.org/10.19184/j-agt.v13i01.8000
Nur, R. N. F., & Purnomo, T. (2022). Effectiveness of Hydrilla verticillata and Lemna minor as Phytoremediator LAS in Domestic Waste Detergent. LenteraBio : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi, 11(2), 263-272. https://doi.org/10.26740/lenterabio.v11n2.p263-272
Nurfadlillah, A. S., & Fitrihidajati, H. (2022). Biodiversitas dan Kadar Logam Berat Pb Tumbuhan Aquatik Terapung di Sungai Brantas Mojokerto sebagai Bioindikator Pencemaran Timbal. LenteraBio: Berkala Ilmiah Biologi, 11(1), 63-70. https://doi.org/10.26740/lenterabio.v11n1.p63-70
Oktaviani, L., Nilandita, W., & Suprayogi, D. (2020). Fitoremediasi Tanaman Apu-apu (Pistia stratiotes) terhadap Kadar Logam Zn Berdasarkan Variasi Jumlah Tanaman. AlArd: Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan, 6(1), 44-52. https://doi.org/10.29080/alard.v6i1.981
Pribadi, R. N., Zaman, B., & Purwono, P. (2016). Pengaruh Luas Penutupan Kiambang (Salvinia molesta) terhadap Penurunan COD, Amonia, Nitrit, dan Nitrat pada Limbah Cair Domestik (Grey Water) dengan Sistem Kontinyu. Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan, 5(4), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.24233/sribios.4.1.2023.388
Parwati, S., Nurhayati, N., & Hendri, M. (2025). Pengaruh Tumbuhan Air Genjer (Limnocharis flava), Mata Lele (Lemna minor) dan Paku Air (Azolla pinnata) serta Bobot Biomasa terhadap Kualitas Air Limbah Tahu. BioWallacea: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi (Journal of Biological Research), 12(1), 22-36.
Putriarti, D., Mudloifah, I., Rosyidah, N. F., Zainuddin, M. P., Rachmadiarti, F., Fitrihidajati, H., & Putri, I. L. E. (2021). Kemampuan Hydrilla verticillata sebagai agen fitoremediasi Linear Alkylbenzene Sulphonate (LAS) Detergen. Prosiding SEMNAS Bio., 1(2), 1025-1033. https://doi.org/10.24036/prosemnasbio/vol1/294
Purwati, S. U. (2016). Karakteristik Bioindikator Cisadane: Kajian Pemanfaatan Makrobentik untuk Menilai Kualitas Sungai Cisadane. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan UNDIP, 9(2), 47-104. https://doi.org/10.20886/jklh.2015.9.2.47-59
Rahim, A., & Soeprobowati, T. R. (2018). Bioaccumulation of Lead (Pb) by the Common Water Hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms in Batujai Reservoir, Central Lombok Regency, Indonesia. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation, 11(5), 1435-1444.
Rahmaisyanti, A., Hidayati, Y. A. & Pratama, A. (2022). Pengaruh Kuantitas Tanaman Melati Air (Echinodorus palaefolius) sebagai Fitoremediator Limbah Cair Penyamakan Kulit Proses Tanning. Jurnal Teknologi Hasil Peternakan, 3(2), 73-82. https://doi.org/10.24198/jthp.v3i2.41943
Ramadhani, A. C., Sitorus, R. J., Muslimin, M., Putri, R. N., & Ernia, R. (2023). Analisis Pengaruh Tanaman Melati Air sebagai Fitoremediasi dalam Mengatasi Pencemaran Air Limpasan Stockpile Batubara. Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi, 23(2), 2050-2060. https://doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v23i2.3209
Ramadiyanti, N., Prasetyo, H. D., & Latuconsina, H. (2024). Dinamika Oksigen Terlarut Selama Proses Fitoremediasi Kombinasi Tumbuhan Kangkung Air (Ipomoea aquatica) dan Pakis Lidah Kolam (Microsorum pteropus) di Instalasi Pengolahan Limbah Tinja. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Sains UNISMA Malang (JIMSUM), 2(1), 51-56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33474/jimsum.v2i1.20784
Rambe, A. N. F., Ivanka, D., Silaban, M. O. A., Rajagukguk, T. J., Sari, N. M., & Febriyossa, A. (2024). Efektivitas Tanaman Genjer (Limnocharis flava) sebagai Agen Fitoremediasi Penyerapan Fosfat pada Air Limbah Laundry di Kota Medan. Jurnal Biogenerasi, 9(2), 1429-1437. https://doi.org/10.30605/biogenerasi.v9i2.4754
Ristianto, A., & Sanjaya, F. I. (2025). Klasifikasi Kualitas Air Sungai Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) Menggunakan Algoritma Random Forest. Jurnal Sistem Informasi dan Sistem Komputer, 10(1), 168-181. https://doi.org/10.51717/simkom.v10i1.575
Ruhmawati, T., Sukandar, D., Karmini, M., & Roni, T. S. (2017). Penurunan Kadar Total Suspended Solid (TSS) Air Limbah Pabrik Tahu dengan Metode Fitoremediasi. Jurnal Permukiman, 12(1), 25-32. https://doi.org/10.31815/jp.2017.12.25-32
Sari, I. D. M., Eri, W. I. R., & Thohari, I. (2021). Pengaruh Fitoremediasi Tanaman Melati Air (Echinodorus palaefolius) terhadap Penurunan Kadar Fosfat pada Limbah Laundry. Jurnal Penelitian Kesehatan Suara Forikes, 12(1), 10-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33846/sf12103
Sitasari, A. N., & Khoironi, A. (2021). Evaluasi Efektivitas Metode dan Media Filtrasi pada Pengolahan Air Limbah Tahu. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 19(3), 565-575. https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.19.3.565-575
Sofiana, L., Nofisulastri, N., & Safnowandi, S. (2023). Pola Distribusi Siput Air (Gastropoda) sebagai Bioindikator Pencemaran Air di Sungai Unus Kota Mataram dalam Upaya Pengembangan Modul Ekologi. Biocaster : Jurnal Kajian Biologi, 3(3), 133-158. https://doi.org/10.36312/biocaster.v3i3.191
Surahman, E., Ali, M., & Suharsono, S. (2023). Phytoremidiasi: Kiambang (Salvinia molesta) Mereduksi Polutan Limbah Pewarna Batik di Sungai Cigeureung. Jurnal Bioedusiana, 8(2), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.37058/bioed.v8i2.10100
Syafriliansah, M. W., & Purnomo, T. (2022). Kadar Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) Tumbuhan Aquatik dan Air sebagai Indikator Kualitas Air Sungai Brangkal Mojokerto. LenteraBio, 11(2), 341-350. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/lenterabio.v11n2.p341-350
Snyder, H. (2019). Literature Review as a Research Methodology: An Overview and Guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104, 333-339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039
Ulumudin, M. M., & Purnomo, T. (2022). Analysis of the Heavy Metal Content of Lead (Pb) in Papyrus (Cyperus papyrus L.) in Wangi River Pasuruan. LenteraBio : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi, 11(2), 273-283. https://doi.org/10.26740/lenterabio.v11n2.p273-283
Urifah, D., Kusriani, U., Zakiyah, U., Handaru, B. C., & Rieke, Y. (2017). Adsorpsi Logam Timbal (Pb) oleh Tanaman Hydrilla verticillata. Jurnal Riset Teknologi, 11(2), 100-106. https://doi.org/10.26578/jrti.v11i2.3043
Wimbaningrum, R., Arianti, I., & Sulistiyowati, H. (2020). Efektivitas Tanaman Lembang (Typha angustifolia L.) di Lahan Basah Buatan dalam Penurunan Kadar TSS, BOD dan Fosfat pada Air Limbah Industri Laundry. Berkala Sainstek, 8(1), 25-28. https://doi.org/10.19184/bst.v8i1.16499
Wulandari, V. F., Prasetyo, H. D., & Latuconsina, H. (2024). Efektivitas dan Efisiensi Tanaman Genjer (Limnocharis flava) dan Teratai (Nymphaea alba) sebagai Fitoremediator Kualitas Air. JUSTE (Journal of Science and Technology), 4(2), 108-116. https://doi.org/10.51135/s90e6831
Wuran, V., Febriani, H., & Subagiyono, S. (2018). Fitoremediasi Tanaman Kiambang (Salvinia molesta) terhadap Penurunan Kadar Fosfat pada Air Limbah Usaha Binatu. Jurnal Kesmas (Kesehatan Masyarakat) Khatulistiwa, 5(2), 42-47. https://doi.org/10.29406/jkmk.v5i2.1566
Yulisa, A., & Choesin, D. N. (2016). Effectivity of Vetiveria zizanioides and Cyperus papyrus in Reducing Iron (Fe) Concentration in Wastewater Processed in a Constructed Wetland System. International Journal of Advanced Agricultural Engineering and Environment, 3(1), 110-113. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/IJAAEE.AE0216137
Zulfahmi, I., Kandi, R. N., Huslina, F., Rahmawati, L., Muliari, M., Sumon, K. A., & Rahman, M. M. (2021). Phytoremediation of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Using Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk). Environmental Technology and Innovation, 21(2), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2020.10126
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Nabila Mahardika & Susy Amizera

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
-
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
-
ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.