Analisis Kandungan Mikroplastik pada Air Payau Teluk Kendari (Studi Kasus Muara Sungai Wanggu)

Wa Ode Nanang Trisna Dewi; La Ode Muhammad Erif; Ema Hermawati Garusu; Fahrezi Jamal; Aulia Ulil Azmi

doi:10.36312/biocaster.v5i4.848

Authors

Wa Ode Nanang Trisna Dewi Program Studi Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Halu Oleo, Jalan HEA Mokodompit, Kendari, Sulawesi Tenggara 93561, Indonesia
La Ode Muhammad Erif Program Studi Ilmu Lingkungan, Fakultas Kehutanan dan Ilmu Lingkungan, Universitas Halu Oleo, Jalan HEA Mokodompit, Kendari, Sulawesi Tenggara 93561, Indonesia
Ema Hermawati Garusu Program Studi Ilmu Lingkungan, Fakultas Kehutanan dan Ilmu Lingkungan, Universitas Halu Oleo, Jalan HEA Mokodompit, Kendari, Sulawesi Tenggara 93561, Indonesia
Fahrezi Jamal Program Studi Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Halu Oleo, Jalan HEA Mokodompit, Kendari, Sulawesi Tenggara 93561, Indonesia
Aulia Ulil Azmi Program Studi Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Halu Oleo, Jalan HEA Mokodompit, Kendari, Sulawesi Tenggara 93561, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36312/biocaster.v5i4.848

Keywords:

Brackish Water, Microplastics, Coast, Wanggu River, Kendari Bay

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the content of microplastics in brackish water in Kendari Bay by taking two strategic points, namely the mouth of the Wanggu River as the main entrance to materials from the mainland, and the mouth of Kendari Bay as the outlet of water into the open sea. The method used in this study is quantitative descriptive with a purposive sampling method for the determination of location and sampling points, which includes water and sediment sampling. Microplastic separation using filtration techniques, and morphological identification with stereoscopic microscopy. The data were analyzed to determine the amount, size, shape, and color of microplastic particles per milliliter of water. The results showed that the microplastic form in brackish water and sediment consists of fibers, films, fragments, and foam. The colors of the microplastics found were generally seen at both observation stations (locations), namely black (37%), transparent (31%), yellow (13%), green (13%), and blue (6%). The size of microplastics at the overall sampling point, both in brackish water and in sediments with fiber shapes ranging from approximately 0.1 mm-0.2 mm, film shapes were found with sizes ranging from 0.02 mm-0.06 mm. The fragment shape ranges in size from 0.04 mm-0.06 mm and the foam shape in size ranges from 0.01 mm to 0.27 mm. The results of microplastic measurements in two locations, namely the first location of the Wanggu River estuary obtained an abundance of microplastics in brackish water samples calculated on a scale of 150 mL, showing that microplastics at the sampling point of mangrove areas had the highest concentration, namely 16,080 particles/150 mL, followed by estuaries (13,320 particles/150 mL), and residential areas (10,560 particles/150 mL). The total abundance of all locations reached 39,960 particles/150 mL, with foam being the most abundant type (16,560 particles/150 mL), followed by fragment form (9,000 particles/150 mL), fiber (8,850 particles/150 mL), and finally film (5,550 particles/150 mL). From the relative abundance, it shows that in general, the most relative abundance is in the form of foam microplastics, both in estuaries (42.1%), residential areas (47.2%), and mangroves (37.13%). The total abundance of microplastics in the sediment of the Wanggu River Estuary is 23,860 particles/100 grams of sediment or 238.6 particles/gr. These findings indicate a fairly high level of microplastic contamination, especially in areas adjacent to residential and terrestrial activities.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Bank, W. (2020). The Global Health Cost of Ambient PM2.5 Air Pollution. Washington DC: World Bank Group.

BAPPEDA. (2022). Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Daerah Kota Kendari Tahun 2017-2022. Kendari: Pemerintah Daerah Kota Kendari.

Brodersen, K. E., Trevathan-Tackett, S. M., Nielsen, D. A., Connolly, R. M., Lovelock, C. E., Atwood, T. B., & Macreadie, P. I. (2019). Oxygen Consumption and Sulfate Reduction in Vegetated Coastal Habitats: Effects of Physical Disturbance. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00014

Dewi, I. S., Budiarsa, A. A., & Ritonga, I. R. (2015). Distribusi Mikroplastik pada Sedimen di Muara Badak, Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara. Depik, 4(3), 121-131. https://doi.org/10.13170/depik.4.3.2888

Faujiah, I. N., & Wahyuni, I. R. (2022). Kelimpahan dan Karakteristik Mikroplastik pada Air Minum serta Potensi Dampaknya terhadap Kesehatan Manusia. In Gunung Djati Conference Series (pp. 89-95). Bandung, Indonesia: Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.

Firdaus, M., Trihadiningrum, Y., & Lestari, P. (2020). Microplastic Pollution in the Sediment of Jagir Estuary, Surabaya City, Indonesia. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 150(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MARPOLBUL.2019.110790

Fitriani, V., Gandri, L., Indriyani, L., Bana, S., & Ahmaliun, L. D. (2023). Analisis Hubungan Land Surface Temperature (LST) dan Indeks Kerapatan Vegetasi (NDVI) Das Wanggu, Sulawesi Tenggara. Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Kehutanan, 7(1), 49-57. https://doi.org/10.31258/jiik.7.1.49-57

Hiwari, H., Purba, N. P., Ihsan, Y. N., Yuliadi, L. P. S., & Mulyani, P. G. (2019). Kondisi Sampah Mikroplastik di Permukaan Air Laut sekitar Kupang dan Rote, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Masyarakat Biodiversitas Indonesia, 5(2), 165-171. https://doi.org/10.13057/psnmbi/m050204

Indrawati, D. M., Suharyadi, S., & Widayani, P. (2020). Analisis Pengaruh Kerapatan Vegetasi terhadap Suhu Permukaan dan Keterkaitannya dengan Fenomena UHI. Media Komunikasi Geografi, 21(1), 99-109. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/mkg.v21i1.24429

Jaelani, A. K., Nugroho, R. A., & Mustakim, M. (2024). Kajian Kelimpahan Mikroplastik pada Sedimen Pantai Kecamatan Sangatta Utara Kabupaten Kutai Timur. Jurnal Riset Pembangunan, 6(2), 87-94. https://doi.org/10.36087/jrp.v6i2.166

Janiarta, M. A., Safnowandi, S., & Armiani, S. (2021). Struktur Komunitas Mangrove di Pesisir Pantai Cemara Selatan Kabupaten Lombok Barat sebagai Bahan Penyusunan Modul Ekologi. Bioma : Jurnal Biologi dan Pembelajarannya, 3(1), 60-71. https://doi.org/10.31605/bioma.v3i1.1030

Kuroda, M., Isobe, A., Uchida, K., Tokai, T., Kitakado, T., Yoshitake, M., Miyamoto, Y., Mukai, T., Imai, K., Shimizu, K., Yagi, M., Mituhasi, T., & Habano, A. (2024). Abundance and Potential Sources of Floating Polystyrene Foam Macro- and Microplastics Around Japan. Science of the Total Environment, 925(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2024.171421

Kusniati, B. A. E. P., Fallo, T., Aridito, M. N., Nugroho, A. P., & Setyowati, P. R. (2025). Analisis Konsentrasi dan Karakteristik Mikroplastik di Kawasan Wisata Pantai Congot Desa Jangkaran Kabupaten Kulon Progo. Jurnal Engine, 9(1), 131-145. https://doi.org/10.30588/jeemm.v9i1.2171

Lewaru, M. W., Narendra, A., Priandina, A. G., Prihadi, D. J., Ismail, M. R., Syamsuddin, M. L., Riyantini, I., & Amin, M. (2024). First Evidence of Microplastic Pollution in Mangrove Sediments and its Ingestion by Coral Reef Fish: Case Study in Biawak Island, Indonesia. Open Agriculture, 9(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0355

Ma, Y., Wang, W., Gao, F., Yu, C., Feng, Y., Gao, L., Zhou, J., Shi, H., Liu, C., Kong, D., Zhang, X., Li, R., & Xie, J. (2024). Acidification and Hypoxia in Seawater, and Pollutant Enrichment in the Sediments of Qi’ao Island Mangrove Wetlands, Pearl River Estuary, China. Ecological Indicators, 158(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.111589

Massos, A., & Turner, A. (2017). Cadmium, Lead and Bromine in Beached Microplastics. Environmental Pollution, 227(1), 139-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2017.04.034

Masura, J., Baker, J., Foster, G., & Arthur, C. (2015). Laboratory Methods for the Analysis of Microplastics in the Marine Environment. Silver Spring: NOAA Marine Debris Division.

Mattone, C., & Sheaves, M. (2017). Patterns, Drivers and Implications of Dissolved Oxygen Dynamics in Tropical Mangrove Forests. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 197(1), 205-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2017.08.028

Mendes, D. S., Silva, D. N. N., Silva, M. G., Beasley, C. R., & Fernandes, M. E. B. (2024). Microplastic Distribution and Risk Assessment in Estuarine Systems Influenced by Traditional Villages and Artisanal Fishery Activities. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-80468-1

Mintenig, S. M., Int-Veen, I., Löder, M. G. J., Primpke, S., & Gerdts, G. (2017). Identification of Microplastic in Effluents of Waste Water Treatment Plants Using Focal Plane Array-Based Micro-Fourier-Transform Infrared Imaging. Water Research, 108(1), 365-372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2016.11.015

Mokodompit, E. A., & Nengsi, W. (2024). Sampah Plastik di Perairan Pesisir dan Laut: Implikasi kepada Ekosistem Pesisir DKI Jakarta. Almufi Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora, 1(3), 362-370. https://doi.org/10.63821/ash.v1i3.375

Mutuku, J., Yanotti, M., & Tocock, M. (2024). The Abundance of Microplastics in the World’s Oceans : A Systematic Review. Oceans, 5(3), 398-428. https://doi.org/10.3390/oceans5030024

Nie, S., Ouyang, X., Wang, W., Zhu, Z., Guo, F., Yang, Z., & Lee, S. Y. (2023). Sediment CO2 Flux from a Mangrove in Southern China: Is it Controlled by Spatiotemporal, Biotic or Physical Factors? Forests, 14(4), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/f14040782

Ningsi, W. O. S., Sensu, L., & Sinapoy, M. S. (2019). Analisis Hukum Pembangunan Reklamasi Teluk Kendari dalam Rencana Zonasi Wilayah Pesisir. Halu Oleo Legal Research, 1(3), 367-381. https://doi.org/10.33772/holresch.v1i3.9788

Peng, G., Zhu, B., Yang, D., Su, L., Shi, H., & Li, D. (2017). Microplastics in Sediments of the Changjiang Estuary, China. Environmental Pollution, 225(1), 283-290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.12.064

Plastics Europe & EPRO. (2016). Retrieved October 28, 2025, from Plastics-The Facts 2016. Interactwebsite: https://plasticseurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/2016-Plastic-the-facts.pdf

Prasetijo, R., Wiradana, P. A., Sandhika, I. M. G. S., & Sugiana, I. P. (2025). Bentuk dan Kelimpahan Mikroplastik pada Ikan Kerapu Muara dan Baronang di Mangrove Denpasar, Bali. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 23(3), 696-702. https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.23.3.696-702

Pratiwi, N., Pratiwi, F. D., & Kurniawan, A. (2025). Analisis Kandungan Mikroplastik pada Air, Sedimen, dan Kerang Bulu (Anadara antiquata) di Pantai Ujung Gersik Kabupaten Belitung. Jurnal Laut Khatulistiwa, 8(1), 72-88. https://doi.org/10.26418/lkuntan.v8i1.74926

Putra, B. S. E., & Hendrasarie, N. (2022). The Effect of Mangrove Density to Estuary Water Quality Based on Physic-Chemist Parameters at Wonorejo, Surabaya. Journal of Environmental Engineering & Sustainable Technology, 9(2), 75-82. https://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jeest.2022.009.02.5

Rahmat, S. L., Purba, N. P., Agung, M. U. K., & Yuliadi, L. P. S. (2019). Karakteristik Sampah Mikroplastik di Muara Sungai DKI Jakarta. Depik, 8(1), 9-17. https://doi.org/10.13170/depik.8.1.12156

Rochman, C. M., Tahir, A., Williams, S. L., Baxa, D. V., Lam, R., Miller, J. T., Teh, F. C., Werorilangi, S., & Teh, S. J. (2015). Anthropogenic Debris in Seafood: Plastic Debris and Fibers from Textiles in Fish and Bivalves Sold for Human Consumption. Scientific Reports, 5(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep14340

Rohmah, S. M., Triajie, H., Hafiludin, H., & Chandra, A. (2025). Characteristics of Microplastics in Raw Water Sources and Sediments of Salt Ponds in Pamekasan using FT-IR Method. Journal of Indonesian Tropical Fisheries (JOINT-FISH) : Jurnal Akuakultur, Teknologi dan Manajemen Perikanan Tangkap dan Ilmu Kelautan, 8(1), 12-27. https://doi.org/10.33096/joint-fish.v8i1.572

Sa’diyah, H., Afiati, N., & Purnomo, P. W. (2018). Kandungan Bahan Organik Sedimen dan Kadar H2S Air di Dalam dan di Luar Tegakan Mangrove Desa Bedono, Kabupaten Demak. Management of Aquatic Resources Journal (MAQUARES), 7(1), 78-85. https://doi.org/10.14710/marj.v7i1.22527

Sari, D. P., Idris, M. H., Anwar, H., Aji, I. M. L., & Webliana B, K. (2023). Karakteristik Perairan Mangrove pada Kerapatan yang Berbeda di Desa Eyat Mayang Kabupaten Lombok Barat. Jurnal Hutan Pulau-pulau Kecil : Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu Kehutanan dan Pertanian, 7(2), 149-157. https://doi.org/10.30598/jhppk.v7i2.10271

Seltenrich, N. (2015). New Link in the Food Chain? : Marine Plastic and Seafood Saftey. Environmental Health Perspectives, 123(2), 34-42. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.123-A34

Septiansyah, D. V., Sari, G. L., & Amanah, N. (2025). Identifikasi Kelimpahan dan Karakteristik Fisik Mikroplastik pada Lahan Sawah di Sekitar Tempat Pemrosesan Akhir Sampah Jalupang Kabupaten Karawang. Journal of Authentic Research, 4(1), 402-411. https://doi.org/10.36312/jar.v4i1.2984

Setyorini, D., Arisandi, P., Aprilianti, R., & Khomsah, K. (2024). Indonesia Darurat Mikroplastik. Gresik: Ecoton.

Suripatty, G., Rumampuk, N. D., Rumengan, I. F., Mangindaan, R. E., Kawung, N. J., & Kemer, K. (2023). Karakteristik dan Kepadatan Mikroplastik pada Sedimen Pantai Liang Pulau Bunaken (Microplastic Characteristics and Density in Liang Beach Sediment of Bunaken Island). Jurnal Pesisir dan Laut Tropis, 11(3), 264-273. https://doi.org/10.35800/jplt.11.3.2023.53377

Sutanhaji, A. T., Rahadi, B., & Firdausi, N. T. (2021). Analisis Kelimpahan Mikroplastik pada Air Permukaan di Sungai Metro, Malang. Jurnal Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan, 8(2), 74-84. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jsal.2021.008.02.3

Suteja, Y., Atmadipoera, A. S., Riani, E., Nurjaya, I. W., Nugroho, D., & Cordova, M. R. (2021). Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Microplastic in Surface Water of Tropical Estuary: Case Study in Benoa Bay, Bali, Indonesia. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 163(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MARPOLBUL.2021.111979

Triatmodjo, B. (1999). Teknik Pantai. Sleman: Beta Offset.

Tsering, T., Sillanpää, M., Viitala, M., & Reinikainen, S. -P. (2022). Variation of Microplastics in the Shore Sediment of High-Altitude Lakes of the Indian Himalaya Using Different Pretreatment Methods. Science of the Total Environment, 849(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157870

Utami, I., & Budiantoro, A. (2022). Strategi Perlindungan Keanekaragaman Hayati Indonesia. Sleman: Bintang Semesta Media.

Widiyanto, I. N., Widiastuti, E. L., Luh, N., Ratna, G., Hasani, Q., & Nurcahyani, N. (2025). Komposisi Mikroplastik pada Air dan Sedimen di Pulau Tegas, Kabupaten Pesawaran, Lampung. Jurnal Perikanan dan Kelautan, 15(1), 1-12. https://dx.doi.org/10.33512/jpk.v15i1.30758

Wijaya, I. (2024). Analisis Mikroplastik pada Air, Sedimen dan Biota Laut dari Tiga Ekosistem di Kawasan Pantai Sari Ringgung Kabupaten Pesawaran, Provinsi Lampung. Tesis. Universitas Lampung.

Xu, Y., Ou, Q., van der Hoek, J. P., Liu, G., & Lompe, K. M. (2024). Photo-Oxidation of Micro- and Nanoplastics: Physical, Chemical, and Biological Effects in Environments. Environmental Science and Technology, 58(2), 991-1009. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c07035

Zhang, B., Liu, R., Xu, H., Zhao, S., Wang, J., & Shao, Z. (2024). Bacterial Diversity in the Biofilms on Mariculture Polystyrene Foam at Xiamen’s Coast. Frontiers in Marine Science, 11(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1409399

Zhang, Y., Ban, X., Li, E., Wang, Z., & Xiao, F. (2020). Evaluating Ecological Health in the Middle-Lower Reaches of the Hanjiang River with Cascade Reservoirs Using the Planktonic Index of Biotic Integrity (P-IBI). Ecological Indicators, 114(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ECOLIND.2020.106282