Karbon Biru pada Ekosistem Mangrove : Dinamika, Kapasitas Penyimpanan, dan Implikasinya terhadap Mitigasi Perubahan Iklim

Pahmi Husain; Muhammad Shohibul Ihsan; Raden Didi Kuswara; Khaerul Ihwan; Dwi Kartika Risfianty; Irna Il Sanuriza; Ishmah Humaidatul Aminah Zaim Alyaminy; Baiq Naili Dewi Atika

doi:10.36312/biocaster.v5i4.877

Authors

Pahmi Husain Program Studi Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Nahdlatul Wathan Mataram, Jalan Kaktus Nomor 1-3, Mataram, Nusa Tenggara Barat 83125, Indonesia
Muhammad Shohibul Ihsan Program Studi Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Nahdlatul Wathan Mataram, Jalan Kaktus Nomor 1-3, Mataram, Nusa Tenggara Barat 83125, Indonesia
Raden Didi Kuswara Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Nahdlatul Wathan Mataram, Jalan Kaktus Nomor 1-3, Mataram, Nusa Tenggara Barat 83125, Indonesia
Khaerul Ihwan Program Studi Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Nahdlatul Wathan Mataram, Jalan Kaktus Nomor 1-3, Mataram, Nusa Tenggara Barat 83125, Indonesia
Dwi Kartika Risfianty Program Studi Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Nahdlatul Wathan Mataram, Jalan Kaktus Nomor 1-3, Mataram, Nusa Tenggara Barat 83125, Indonesia
Irna Il Sanuriza Program Studi Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Nahdlatul Wathan Mataram, Jalan Kaktus Nomor 1-3, Mataram, Nusa Tenggara Barat 83125, Indonesia
Ishmah Humaidatul Aminah Zaim Alyaminy Program Studi Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Nahdlatul Wathan Mataram, Jalan Kaktus Nomor 1-3, Mataram, Nusa Tenggara Barat 83125, Indonesia
Baiq Naili Dewi Atika Program Studi Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Nahdlatul Wathan Mataram, Jalan Kaktus Nomor 1-3, Mataram, Nusa Tenggara Barat 83125, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36312/biocaster.v5i4.877

Keywords:

Blue Carbon, Mangroves, Climate Change, Sediments

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to comprehensively examine the role of blue carbon in mangrove ecosystems, with an emphasis on the capacity and dynamics of carbon storage. This research is library research, with the PRISMA approach. Literature search is carried out systematically through several major scientific databases, namely Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink. The literature selection process was carried out by referring to the principle of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The selection stage includes article identification through the database, initial screening by removing duplicate articles, relevance assessment based on titles and abstracts, and feasibility evaluation through full text review. Data analysis was carried out descriptive-quantitative through the narrative synthesis method. The results of the study show that the mangrove ecosystem is one of the main components of blue carbon with a very high carbon storage capacity, especially in sediment compartments that are stable in the long term. The dynamics of mangrove blue carbon are influenced by the interaction between biological, physical, and chemical processes, such as vegetation productivity, litter accumulation, and sediment trapping by mangrove root systems. The carbon storage capacity of mangrove ecosystems varies between regions and is influenced by biotic and abiotic factors, including species composition, age and stand density, hydrological conditions, and substrate type. In addition to serving as carbon sinks and stores, mangrove ecosystems have strategic implications in climate change mitigation as nature-based solutions. However, the degradation and conversion of mangrove land have the potential to release stored carbon into the atmosphere and reduce mitigation capacity in the future. So that the conservation and sustainable management of mangroves is an important step in maintaining the function of blue carbon and supporting climate change mitigation efforts.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Alongi, D. M. (2014). Carbon Cycling and Storage in Mangrove Forests. Annual Review of Marine Science, 6(1), 195-219. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-010213-135020

Arief, S. M., Siburian, R. H., Murdjoko, A., & Wurarah, R. N. (2020). Karbon Biru dan Ekosistem Mangrove: Fondasi untuk Keberlanjutan Lingkungan Pesisir. Indramayu: Adab.

Baiser, B., Gravel, D., Cirtwill, A. R., Dunne, J. A., Fahimipour, A. K., Gilarranz, L. J., & Yeakel, J. D. (2019). Ecogeographical Rules and the Macroecology of Food Webs. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 28(9), 1204-1218. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12925

Donato, D. C., Kauffman, J. B., Murdiyarso, D., Kurnianto, S., Stidham, M., & Kanninen, M. (2011). Mangroves Among the Most Carbon-Rich Forests in the Tropics. Nature Geoscience, 4(5), 293-297. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1123

Easteria, G., Imran, Z., & Yulianto, G. (2022). Estimasi Stok Karbon Mangrove Rehabilitasi di Pulau Harapan dan Kelapa, Taman Nasional Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis, 14(2), 191-204. https://doi.org/10.29244/jitkt.v14i2.39861

Friess, D. A., Rogers, K., Lovelock, C. E., Krauss, K. W., Hamilton, S. E., Lee, S. Y., Lucas, R., Primavera, J., Rajkaran, A., & Shi, S. (2019). The State of the World’s Mangrove Forests: Past, Present, and Future. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 44(1), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-101718-033302

Hapsari, F. N., Maslukah, L., Dharmawan, I. W. E., & Wulandari, S. Y. (2022). Simpanan Karbon Organik dalam Sedimen Mangrove terhadap Pasang Surut di Pulau Bintan. Buletin Oseanografi Marina, 11(1), 86-98. https://doi.org/10.14710/buloma.v11i1.39107

Haykal, M., Harman, C. A., ZA, S. A., Buhari, N., Lestariningsih, W. A., Damayanti, A. A., & Rahman, I. (2025). Estimasi Cadangan Karbon Komunitas Mangrove Dusun Keranji, Desa Paremas, Lombok Timur. Jurnal Ilmu Kelautan Lesser Sunda, 5(1), 11-19. https://doi.org/10.29303/jikls.v5i1.123

Hickmah, N., Maslukah, L., Wulandari, S. Y., Sugianto, D. N., & Wirasatriya, A. (2021). Kajian Stok Karbon Organik dalam Sedimen di Area Vegetasi Mangrove Karimunjawa. Indonesian Journal of Oceanography, 3(4), 419-426. https://doi.org/10.14710/ijoce.v3i4.12494

Howard, J., Hoyt, S., Isensee, K., Telszewski, M., & Pidgeon, E. (2014). Coastal Blue Carbon : Methods for Assessing Carbon Stocks and Emissions Factors in Mangroves, Tidal Salt Marshes, and Seagrasses. Arlington: UNESCO, International Union for Conservation of Nature.

Husain, P., Al Idrus, A., & Ihsan, M. S. (2020). The Ecosystem Services of Mangroves for Sustainable Coastal Area and Marine Fauna in Lombok, Indonesia: A Review. Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan dan Sains, 1(1), 1-7.

Ibrahim, A., & Muhsoni, F. F. (2020). Estimasi Stok Karbon pada Ekosistem Hutan Mangrove di Desa Lembung Paseser, Kecamatan Sepuluh, Kabupaten Bangkalan. Juvenil : Jurnal Ilmiah Kelautan dan Perikanan, 1(4), 498-507. https://doi.org/10.21107/juvenil.v1i4.8947

Jompa, J., & Murdiyarso, D. (2023). Rehabilitasi Kawasan Pesisir untuk Adaptasi Perubahan Iklim: Peran Kunci Mangrove dalam Nationally Determined Contributions. Bogor: CIFOR.

Kauffman, J. B., & Donato, D. C. (2012). Protocols for the Measurement, Monitoring and Reporting of Structure, Biomass and Carbon Stocks in Mangrove Forests. Working Paper 86. Bogor: CIFOR.

Kitchenham, B., Pretorius, R., Budgen, D., Brereton, O. P., Turner, M., Niazi, M., & Linkman, S. (2009). Systematic Literature Reviews in Software Engineering - A Systematic Literature Review. Information and Software Technology, 51(1), 7-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2008.09.009

Latumahina, F. S., Syahadat, R. M., Adriani, H., Bato, M., Botha, P. M., Wattimena, C. M., & Pelupessy, W. V. (2025). Perlindungan Hutan Mangrove dalam Menghadapi Dampak Perubahan Iklim. Bandung: Widina.

Listantia, N., & Al Idrus, A. (2024). Pengembangan Ekowisata Mangrove Gili Sulat sebagai Upaya Keberlanjutan Ekosistem Pesisir dan Karbon Biru (Blue Carbon) untuk Bahan Ajar Pembelajaran IPA. Nusra : Jurnal Penelitian dan Ilmu Pendidikan, 5(1), 190-198. https://doi.org/10.55681/nusra.v5i1.1948

Marbun, A., Rumengan, A. P., Schaduw, J. N., Paruntu, C. P., Angmalisang, P. A., & Manopo, V. E. (2020). Analisis Stok Karbon pada Sedimen Mangrove di Desa Baturapa Kecamatan Lolak Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow. Jurnal Pesisir dan Laut Tropis, 8(1), 20-30. https://doi.org/10.35800/jplt.8.1.2020.27395

Maulana, P., & Arifin, W. A. (2023). Estimasi Stok Karbon Tersimpan pada Hutan Mangrove di Paluh Kurau, Deli Serdang. Journal of Scientech Research and Development, 5(2), 770-779. https://doi.org/10.56670/jsrd.v5i2.254

McLeod, E., Chmura, G. L., Bouillon, S., Salm, R., Björk, M., Duarte, C. M., Lovelock, C. E., Schlesinger, W. H., & Silliman, B. R. (2011). A Blueprint for Blue Carbon: Toward an Improved Understanding of the Role of Vegetated Coastal Habitats in Sequestering CO₂. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 9(10), 552-560. https://doi.org/10.1890/110004

Melati, D. N. (2021). Mangrove Ecosystem and Climate Change Mitigation: A Literature Review. Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Mitigasi Bencana, 16(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.29122/jstmb.v16i1.4979

Murdiyarso, D., & Ambo-Rappe, R. (2023). Rehabilitasi Kawasan Pesisir untuk Mitigasi Perubahan Iklim: Peranan Mangrove dan Penurunan Emisi Tingkat Sub-Nasional. Bogor: CIFOR.

Murdiyarso, D., Purbopuspito, J., Kauffman, J. B., Warren, M. W., Sasmito, S. D., Donato, D. C., Manuri, S., Krisnawati, H., Taberima, S., & Kurnianto, S. (2015). The Potential of Indonesian Mangrove Forests for Global Climate Change Mitigation. Nature Climate Change, 5(12), 1089-1092. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2734

Prakoso, T. B., Afiati, N., & Suprapto, D. (2018). Biomassa Kandungan Karbon dan Serapan CO2 pada Tegakan Mangrove di Kawasan Konservasi Mangrove Bedono, Demak. Management of Aquatic Resources Journal (MAQUARES), 6(2), 156-163. https://doi.org/10.14710/marj.v6i2.19824

Rahman, R., Effendi, H., Rusmana, I., Yulianda, F., & Wardiatno, Y. (2020). Pengelolaan Ekosistem Mangrove untuk Ruang Terbuka Hijau sebagai Mitigasi Gas Rumah Kaca di Kawasan Sungai Tallo Kota Makassar. Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management), 10(2), 320-328. https://doi.org/10.29244/jpsl.10.2.320-328

Rifandi, R. A. (2021). Pendugaan Stok Karbon dan Serapan Karbon pada Tegakan Mangrove di Kawasan Ekowisata Mangrove Desa Mojo Kabupaten Pemalang. Jurnal Litbang Provinsi Jawa Tengah, 19(1), 93-103. https://doi.org/10.36762/jurnaljateng.v19i1.871

Sartono, M. N. T., Nabillah, Q., Wirasena, A., Primasari, D., Kusuma, N. D., Hidayat, M. S., & Lestari, D. A. (2025). Estimasi Serapan Karbon Biru pada Ekosistem Mangrove Rhizophora mucronata di Pulau Tidung Kecil: Kuantifikasi Potensi Penyimpanan Karbon Biru oleh Mangrove Rhizophora mucronata di Pulau Tidung Kecil. Jurnal Sains Geografi, 3(1), 48-62. https://doi.org/10.21009/jsg.v3i1.51758

Sondak, C. F. (2015). Estimasi Potensi Penyerapan Karbon Biru (Blue Carbon) oleh Hutan Mangrove Sulawesi Utara. Journal of Asean Studies on Maritime Issues, 1(1), 24-29.

Suryono, S., Soenardjo, N., Wibowo, E., Ario, R., & Rozy, E. F. (2018). Estimasi Kandungan Biomassa dan Karbon di Hutan Mangrove Perancak Kabupaten Jembrana, Provinsi Bali. Buletin Oseanografi Marina, 7(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.14710/buloma.v7i1.19036

Tahir, I., Mantiri, D. M. H., Rumengan, A. P., Muhammad, A., Ismail, F., Paembonan, R. E., Najamuddin, N., Akbar, N., Inayah, I., Wibowo, E. S., Siolimbona, A. A., & Harahap, Z. A. (2023). Simpanan Karbon Sedimen di Bawah Tegakan Spesies Mangrove Alami dan Mangrove Rehabilitasi. Jurnal Ilmu Kelautan Kepulauan, 6(1), 803-814. https://doi.org/10.33387/jikk.v6i1.6517

Tsani, A. A. R., & Muhsoni, F. F. (2022). Estimasi Stok Karbon Mangrove di Desa Taddan Kecamatan Camplong Kabupaten Sampang. Jurnal Ilmu Kelautan Kepulauan, 5(1), 475-485.

Widiana, I. G. R., Mahadita, G. W., Samsu, N., & Muzasti, R. A. (2025). Systematic Review dan Meta Analysis. Malang: MNC Publishing.

Wulandari, N. K. P., Ernawati, N. M., & Saraswati, N. L. G. R. A. (2024). Estimasi Total Simpanan Karbon Hutan Mangrove Teluk Gilimanuk, Bali. Buletin Oseanografi Marina, 13(3), 424-436 https://doi.org/10.14710/buloma.v13i3.63104

Yanuar, F., Samadi, S., & Muzani, M. (2023). Penyerapan Blue Carbon di Ekosistem Mangrove Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta Berbasis Environment Equity. JIIP : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan, 6(12), 10430-10437. https://doi.org/10.54371/jiip.v6i12.2884

ZA, S. A., Puna, S. H., Lestariningsih, W. A., & Rahman, I. (2024). Perbandingan Jumlah Cadangan Karbon Mangrove Aboveground dan Belowground di Gili Petagan, Sambelia, Lombok Timur. Journal of Marine Research, 13(2), 301-310. https://doi.org/10.14710/jmr.v13i2.43504