Allegation of Research Misconduct

The journal is committed to maintaining scientific integrity and applying ethical publication standards at every stage of publication. All suspected violations of research ethics, including data fabrication, falsification of research results, image manipulation, plagiarism, and other actions contrary to the principles of responsible research, will be taken seriously.

Every report or allegation of violations, whether submitted before or after an article is published, will be reviewed and investigated by the Editorial Board in accordance with the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines and relevant principles of publication ethics.

In handling reports, the journal will maintain the confidentiality of the reporter and the reported party to the extent possible, in accordance with its review procedures. If the investigation reveals a violation, the journal may take appropriate action, including issuing a correction, an expression of concern, or a retraction of the article. If necessary, the journal may also coordinate with the author's affiliated institutions or agencies to follow up on the findings.

The entire handling process is conducted objectively, fairly, and proportionally to protect public trust in research results and maintain the quality and credibility of scientific publications.